DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 89 



best to give laudanum and oil for the pain if the pleurisy is very severe. 

 Do not give it unless absolutely necessary to relieve the pain. 



Broncho-Pleuro-Pneumoma. This is the name given when 

 bronchitis is present with pleurisy and pneumonia. It is not a common 

 occurrence It is impossible for a person not an expert to determine 

 this combination with certainty, as the apparent symptoms are the 

 same a pleuro-pneumonia. 



Bronciio-Pneunionia. This is a common complication. Either 

 the bronchitis or the pneumonia may be first. The treatment is the 

 same as for the diseases when separate. 



Heaves — Broken Wind — Asthma. The popular mind is much 

 confused with regard to the nature of "heaves." Many horsemen apply 

 this name to all ailments when the breathing is noisy or difficult. This 

 disease is thought to be due to spasm of the small circular muscles that 

 surround the bronchial tubes. This continued affection leads to a 

 paralysis of these small circular muscles, and is thought to be one of 

 the first stages of the disease. There is good foundation for the 

 opinion of some emminent veterinarians, that the cause of this trouble 

 is due to a lesion of the pneumo-gastric nerve. This trouble is al- 

 ways, connected with some disorder of the digestive organs. 



How to Know the Heaves. Nearly every experienced horse- 

 man is able to detect this disease. The cough which is present in this 

 disease is peculiar; the sound is short, and something like a grunt. 

 When the air is drawn in, it appears to be done in the same manner as 

 in health, but when expelled, the lungs having lost most of their power 

 of contracting, the great change in breathing is then very plainly seen. 

 The abdominal muscles are brought into play; those about the flank 

 contract, then pause a moment, then complete the act of contracting, 

 thus making a double bellows-like jerky motion with every breath. A 

 wheezing noise is heard when the animal is exerted, and the same can 

 be heard to a less degree when the animal is at rest, if the ear is put 

 against the chest. 



Indigestion is always present; the animal has a depraved appetite, 

 often eating dirt and soiled bedding instead of the clean food in the 

 manger; they often overload the stomach; the animal often gets "pot- 

 bellied;" wind of an offensive odor often passes: attacks of colic may 

 occur and they are usually fatal; the bowels are often loose; and the 

 animal can not perform much work, as the muscles are soft. Never let 

 a day go b}' without giving light exercise. 



