CHAPTER VIII. 



THE URINARY ORGANS. 



Their Diseases and How to Cure Them. 



Diabetes insipidus, excessive urine, saccharine diabetes, gly- 

 cosuria, BLOODY urine, poisoning BY ALBUMINOIDS, ACUTE IN- 

 FLAMMATION OP THE KIDNEYS, SPASM OP THE NECK OF THE BLAD- 

 DER, INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER, URINARY CALCULI, ETC. 



THESE organs to a large extent are the sanitary scavengers and 

 purifiers of the system. It is through their action that most of 

 the products of normal cell-life are carried off. The body is a 

 great chemical laboratory and within it is carried on wonderful 

 changes, which renew the tissues of the body as well as destroy those 

 that are worn out. These chemical changes produce many poisons that 

 will cause disease if left within the body. To remove these poisons, 

 with the aid of the skin, is the function of the urinary organs. The 

 kidneys are the organs which separate from the blood the substance by 

 which the nitrogen of the decomposed or worn out tissue is given ofE. 

 This subtance is called urea. Most of the other secretions of the body 

 are useful in various ways, as the bile from the liver and the gastric fluid 

 from the stomach are used in digestion, and the perspiration is a means 

 of cooling the body by evaporation, but the secretion of the kidneys can- 

 not be utilized in any other process and hence must be removed from 

 the system. 



Kidneys. These glands are two in number, one l5dng on each side 

 of the yertebrae just forward of the loins. The left kidney, weighing 



