i66 THB HORSB. 



FOOT. A bulging out of the hoof in the front part of the foot, the result of disease 

 of the coffin joint. Some horses are born with this peculiar form of the hoof, which 

 is called "ox foot" from its resemblance to the hoof of the ox. 31. — Quabter- 

 CRACK. Caused by the nutrition of the hoof not being normal. The fibres of the 

 hoof become brittle and the hoof splits. 3i2. — Mud fbver. This is an inflamma- 

 tion in the skin, caused by driving the animal through mud and cold water. The 

 leg swells, and the skin soon becomes scabby. It is not an uncommon thing for the 

 hair to fall out. 33. — Stilt foot. Result of diseases around the heels or quar- 

 ters. 34. — Contracted HOOF . Caused by disease or standing in the stable on a 

 hard fioor. 35. — Saddle gall. Caused by uneven pressure of the saddle. 

 36. — Shoe boil. A tumor caused by the horse lying on the shoe. 37. — Mal- 

 LKNDERS. An inflammation of the skin behind the knee, where the skin folds in 

 doubling up the leg. The inflammation causes the skin to become dry and hard, 

 and the knee becomes enlarged. 38. — Sitfast. At first a simple saddle gall, but 

 if not properly attended to, becomes chronic, when it is called sitfast. 39. — Snake 

 back. A rough, uneven back over the croup. It is sometimes called "eel-back." 

 40. — Pointed hip. It is this kind of a hip that is so liable to be knocked down. 

 4li — Navel KUPT0IIE. The intestines extend downward through the navel open- 

 ing, which is unclosed. 42. — Inguinal rupture. The intestines extend down- 

 ward through the abdominal rings and inguinal canal. In stallions they extend 

 downward into the scrotum. 43. — Atrophy of the muscles. This is caused by 

 disease or a bruise, or from long standing lameness, causing a wasting away of the 

 muscles from disease. 44. — Drooping rump. A deformity. 45. — Rat tail. 

 The hair having dropped off, from disease of the tail. 46. — Mange, or itch. 

 These are skin diseases which often cause the animal to rub against the manger or 

 the fences till the hair is rubbed of from different parts of the body. 47. — Flank 

 hernia. The intestines extending outward through the abdominal wall at the 

 flank. 48. — Stifle. A sprain, kick or puncture at this point may cause stifle 

 lameness. If the patella is out of position (dislocated) the horse is said to be stifled. 

 49. — Farcy BUDS. Enlarged lymphatic glands. 50. — Big spavin. A distension 

 of the synovial sac, causing lameness. 51. — Bone spavin. A bony tumor of the 

 hock joint. 52. — Sallenders. An inflammation of the skin, behind the hock 

 joint, where the skin folds in the bending of the foot backwards. The inflamma- 

 tion causes the skin to become hard and dry, and causes lameness. 53. — Front 

 BURSAL SWELLING. A soft puffy Swelling in front of the fetlock, caused by inflam- 

 mation of the bursal. 54. — Sand-crack. Same as a quarter crack, only this comes 

 in front. 55. — Hoof with ridges. This indicates former inflammation of the 

 coronet, as explained under No. 28. 56. — Weak thigh. Small from faulty 

 formation. 57. — Capped hock. An enlargement on the point of the hock. It is 

 often caused by a bruise from a kick in the stall or pasture. 58. — Thoroughpin. 

 A puffy enlargement at the upper aud back part of the hock joint, often appearing 

 on both the inside and outside. 59. — Curb. An enlargement at the back of the 

 hock, usually the result of a sprain. 60. — Blood spavin. An enlargement of the 



vein at the hock, caused by a bony tumor pressing upon it. 61. Wind galls. 



Soft swellings filled with secretion of the joints, called synovial fluid. 62. En- 

 larged LEG. Caused by neglect or the disease known as elephantiasis. 63. 



Grease heel. A skin disease that gives off an offensive discharge. 64. Quit- 

 tor. A fistula of the quarter, the opening above the coronet. 65. Plat-foot. 



The hoof is too flat and large. 



