174 '^^^ HORSE. 



The next plate of this series shows the simple splint, in which there 

 is only a single bony growth. The horse by being called to perform 

 tasks beyond his strength has strained his muscles and torn apart the 

 fibres which unite the bones at their juncture. 



The last plate of this series shows the simple splint on the bone with 

 the muscles, cords, and tendons removed. Here can be plainly seen the 

 smaller cannon bone which during the youth of the animal is more or 

 less articulated, but which as the horse matures, becomes firmly joined 

 by a rigid union and the turning into bone of their inter-articulate sur- 

 faces. By straininj^, this union becomes divided and as a consequence 

 local irritation develops. * 



The outside plate of the series in the center, shows the hock with the 

 skin removed. The bones which are surrounded by ligaments, tendons, 

 and muscles correspond to the bones of the human ankle. The bone 

 at the upper part is the tibia, the one at the lower the cannon bone, 

 (metatarsus) while between them hidden by the ligaments and muscles 

 are the os calcis, astragalus, cuboides, navicular, and the outer and the 

 inner cuneiform bones. 



The second plate of the center series shows a blood-spavin and a bone- 

 spavin. The blood-spavin being the one indicated near the tibia (the 

 highest on the plate) and is always found in front and a little inward of 

 the hock This is always round, smooth and well marked, and on the 

 outer surface running from below upwards, will be found a vein which 

 is more or less enlarged. It is from this conspicuous blood-vessel that 

 the tumor is named. It is the dilatation of the articulate synorial sac 

 and differs from thoroughpin in location and part affected. See thor- 

 oughpin. 



The last plate of the series, shows a badly spavined hock. The bone 

 has enlarged and become a fixed condition which there is no known 

 method of removing. 



The exterior plate at the left shows a sound foot and fetlock. The 

 wall of the hoot is shown below and the periople (coronary band) just 

 above. The ligaments of the joints are shown above and below, and 

 the extensor tendon in front and the flexor tendon on the back of the 

 fetlock is shown beginning near the top and extending downward to the 

 hoof. 



The second plate at the left shows a low ring-bone and a high ring- 

 bone. The low ring-bone is found on the lower portion around the irp- 

 per border of the foot. The high ringbone forms a large bunch on the 

 Upper part of the coronet quite close to the fetlock joint. 



* For the treatment of splint, see page i6i. 



