234 THB HORSK. 



rethrufli any flies that hav^e gained adfflissioti, to remove all manure heaps 

 that would prove breeding places for flies, to keep the stalls clean, deo- 

 dorized by gypsum and to spread them in trays of dry chloride of lime. 

 For the poisoned bites apply ammonia, or a solution of one part of car- 

 bolic acid in twenty parts of sweet oil or glycerine, or one-fourth ounce 

 bicarbonate of ooda and one dram of carbolic acid in a quart of water 

 may be used. 



Stings of Bees, Wasps and Hornets. These are much more 

 irritating than the bites of flies, partly because the barbed sting is left 

 in the wound, and partly because of the amount and quality of the 

 venom. When a swarm attacks an animal the result may prove fatal. 



Treatment consists in the application of wet clay, or of a lotion of soda 

 or ammonia, or of carbolic acid, or of sugar of lead two drams, lauda- 

 num one ounce, and water one pint. The embedded stings should be 

 extracted with fine forceps or even with the finger nails. 



Flea, or Pulex. The flea of man and those of the dog and cat, 

 when numerous, will bite the horse and give rise to rounded swellings 

 on the skin. To dispose of them it is needful to clear the surroundings 

 of the grub-like larvae as well as to treat the victim. The soil may be 

 sprinkled with quicklime, carbolic acid, coal tar or petrolum; the stalls 

 may be deluged with boiling water and afterward painted with oil of 

 turpentine and littered with fresh pine sawdust, and all blankets should 

 be boiled. The skin may be sponged with ^ solution of one part car- 

 bolic acid in fifty parts water. Dogs, cats, and pigs should be dressed 

 with the same lotion, or, better removed from the vicinity of the 

 stable. 



The chigoe (Pulex penetrans) of the Gulf coast is still more injurious, 

 because it burrows under the surface and deposits its eggs to be hatched 

 out slowly with much irritation. The tumor formed by it should be 

 laid open and the parasite extracted. If it bursts so that its eggs es- 

 cape into the wound, they may be destroyed by introducing a wire at a 

 red heat. 



I/ice, or Pediculi. Two kinds of lice attack the horse, one of 

 which is furnished with narrow head and a proboscis for perforating the 

 skin and sucking the blood, and the other (the broad-headed kind) with 

 strong mandibles, by which it bites the skin only. Of the bloodsuckers 

 one is common to horse and ass and another to horse and ox, while of 

 the non-sucking lice one species attacks horse and ox and a second ox 

 and ass. The poor condition, itching, and loss of hair, should lead to 



