CATTLB. 275 



largely in that direction. Exhorbitant prices were paid tor years for 

 good specimens of this class of stock for special importation into 

 America. 



A first-class short-horn has a head with a fine yellowish, nut-brown, 

 or black muzzle; broad forehead; full, bright eyes; lean cheeks; con- 

 cave or dishing face; short horns, standing wide, gracefully spreading 

 out at the base, and then turning upward with a still further spread. 

 The horns show no black except at the tips. The ear is of a moderate 

 size, thin, and moves with a quick motion, and the throat is clean, with- 

 out dewlap. The neck sets well into the shoulders and breast, and with 

 a slight pendulous hanging of the skin, just at the brisket. The shoul- 

 ders are full and wide at the tops and nearly straight; the shoulder 

 points are full and wide; the brisket projects well forward, and is broad 

 and low; the arm tapers to the knee; and the leg has a fine bone ending 

 in a well rounded foot. The ribs are full and round, and run back well 

 towards the hips; the loins are full and level; the rumps long and wide; 

 the tail set on a level with the back, and is small and tapering; the 

 thighs full and heavily fleshed; the twist wide; the flank low and full; 

 and the hock or gambrel joint, standing straight, or nearly so. 



Colors. The well bred short-horn varies in color from a pure white 

 to a deep red, and intermixtures of these colors which produce the light 

 roan, with white predominating over the red; the red roan, with the red 

 more prominent than the white; and red or white mixed or spotted in 

 every conceivable manner. Some breeders think that .short-horns of 

 pure white are less hardy than the reds, but statistics do not bear them 

 out in their prejudices. 



Flesh. As a beef animal they are superior in producing large quan- 

 tities of beef, but it is not so fender and juicy, nor of so fine a grain as 

 found in the Devons, the Galloways, or the Highlands. 



Climate Adapted to the Short-Horns. Experience has shown 

 that the short-horns will thrive well in cold climates, even doing well as 

 far north as 45" of latitude, (on a line with the northern boundary of 

 New York State). Of course in the colder latitudes the cattle must 

 have good protection in winter. It is soil and feeding that makes the 

 animal thrive, and with shelter in inclement weather, and a fairly tem- 

 perate climate good results may be expected. 



This breed of animals while profitable in the beef producing portions of 

 America, are being superseded by the milk producers in the east. Beef 

 can be shipped long distances to market, but milk should be produced 



