CATTlvS. 299 



Therefore when cattle are first turned into such pasture, let them remain 

 only a short time each day, until they have become accustomed to the 

 richer and more tempting herbage. 



Too cold or too warm water may lead to weakened digestive 

 organs. Ice water, or very cold water often produces cramps in the 

 fourth stomach. 



Mixing salt in the food is not considered expedient, as more may be 

 given than the animal demands, thus causing undue thirst. Better 

 have rock salt within their reach, so that they can get what nature 

 demands. 



DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 



Stomatitis. This is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of 

 the mouth. The membrane of the mouth may become inflamed by 

 cattle eating some irritating substance, by eating acid plants, or little 

 vesicles may form in the mouths of calves when they are affected with 

 indigestion, constituting what is termed aphtha. 



Symptoms. The saliva dribbles from the mouth, and when it is 

 examined the surface of the tongue and other parts of the mouth will 

 appear red and inflamed. When young animals are affected with the 

 form of disease termed aphtha small red elevations will be observed on 

 the tongue and other parts of the mouth, having little white points on 

 their centers, which consist of the epithelium of the mncous membrane 

 raised into vesicles. These white patches are succeeded by ulcerated 

 surfaces, which are exposed by the shedding of the white patches of 

 epithelium. 



Treatment. When there is merely a reddened and inflamed condi- 

 tion of the mucous membrane of the mouth, it will suiSce to syringe it 

 out several times a day with four ounces of the following solution : 

 alum, one ounce; water, two pints. When the edges of the tongue and 

 other parts of the mouth are studded with ulcers, these should be painted 

 over once a day with the following solution until the affected surface is 

 healed : iodoform, sixty grains; ether, one ounce. When indigestion is 

 associated with an ulcerated condition of the mouth, that disorder re- 

 quires separate treatment. 



Sore Throat or Pharyngitis. This is an inflammation of the 

 mucous membrane lining the pharynx. It is frequently associated 

 with laryngitis and bronchitis, and sometimes with pleurisy. 



