CATTI,S. 301 



frequently, and when it drinks the water is soon ejected. These symp- 

 toms, however, are not always present. 



Pharyngeal Choke. It is always advisable to put a gag in the 

 animal's mouth, and while the head is held in a horrizoutal direction by 

 two assistants to pass the hand into the pharynx, and when any foreign 

 body is found in the pharynx to withdraw it gradually and steadily. 

 When the substance is lodged in the upper part of the gullet pressure 

 should be made by an assistant in an upward direction while the oper- 

 ator passes his hand into the pharynx, and if tlie assistant cannot by 

 pressure dislodge the substance from the gullet the operator may by 

 passing his middle finger above and partly behind the substance, grad- 

 ually slide the object into the pharynx and then withdraw it by the 

 mouth. 



Cervical Choke. The presence of an obstructing substance in the 

 cervical portion of the gullet may be ascertained by passing the hand 

 along the left side of the neck, when a hard and painless swelling will 

 be found to indicate the presence of the foreign body. In such cases we 

 must endeavor by gentle and persevering pressure with the thumb and 

 two next fingers to slide the obstructing substance gradually upward to 

 the pharynx. To facilitate this it is well to give the animal a wine- 

 glassful of olive oil before the manipulations described are commenced. 

 When the substance has been brought into or nearly into the pharynx, 

 then the mouth gag should be used, the tongue drawn partially forward 

 with the left hand, and the right should be passed forward into the 

 pharynx so as to withdraw the obstruction. When bran or chaff causes 

 the trouble it is best to give a small quantity of oil to lubricate the walls 

 of the gullet and then by gentle and persevering pressure to endeavor to 

 separate and divide the mass and then to work it downward toward the 

 stomach. This will be assisted by pouring small quantities of oil and 

 water down the animal's throat. It is not advisable to use the probang 

 to push down any soft material such as oats or chaff, as this generally 

 condenses and renders firmer the obstructing substance by pressing its 

 particles or elements together, so that it forms a solid, resistmg mass 

 which can not be moved. 



In some cases the foreign body can not be dislodged from the neck by 

 pressing and manipulating that part externally. In such an event we 

 must resort to the use of the probang, or if the foreign body is lodged 

 in that part of the gullet which passes through the thorax or chest, 

 there is no way of removing an obstruction so situated except by using 



