CATTIvB. 311 



Gas is frequently passed, frequent attempts to urinate are made, but 

 only a small quantity of urine is passed at a time. Enteritis comes on 

 suddenly and usually runs a rapid course, death taking place in four or 

 five hours in fatal cases. When the animal has not been long exposed 

 to those conditions which produce the disease, recovery may take place 

 in a comparatively short time; in exceptional cases, however, when the 

 acute stage of the disease has subsided it may assume a chronic and lin- 

 gering form. 



Treatment. When the animal is seen at an early stage of the dis- 

 ease it should be bled to the extent of from two to four quarts. The age 

 and condition of the animal must of course be taken into consideration 

 in estimating the quantity of blojd which should be abstracted. Half- 

 ounce doses of laudanum should be given several times a day, mixed in 

 a quart of linseed tea. 



Constipation. Constipation is rather to be regarded as a symptom 

 of disease than a disease in itself. We frequently observe it in a partu- 

 rition fever, in that form of indigestion which is termed impaction of the 

 third stomach, and as a result of gut-tie, invagination, twisting and 

 knotting of the bowels. In order to remove the constipation the treat- 

 ment must be applied to remove the causes which give rise to it. Calves 

 sometimes suffer from constipation immediately after birth, and the 

 meconium feces that accumulate in the bowels before birth is not passed, 

 as is usually the case in calves. The cause of the disorder is supposed 

 to be that the dams of such calves have been fed too exclusively 

 on dry food before the calf's birth. In such cases give an ounce of 

 castor oil shaken up with an ounce of new milk. The mother's milk 

 is the best food to prevent a recurrence of the constipation, as it 

 contains a large amount of fatty matter which renders it laxative in 

 its effects. 



Intestinal Worms. We may state that cattle are less infested with 

 intestinal parasites than any other specie": A domestic animal, and that 

 it is rarely necessary to apply treatment for the removal of those para- 

 sites. Two different kinds of tapeworm and four species of roundworm: 

 have, however, been found in the intestines of the bovine species. Ar 

 examination of the passages is the only certain method of determining 

 the existence of worms in the bowels. 



Treatment. To remove the tapeworms give an ounce of oil of male 

 fern three times a day in a pint of milk for three days in succession, and 

 then on the fourth day give a pint of castor oil. For roundworms give 



