312 CATTI,B. 



two drams of sulphate of iron three times a day, mixed in a little oats 

 and middlings, and after continuing treatment for three days give a pint 

 of castor oil as before described. Oil of turpentine may be given in 

 doses of one ounce with milk, or santonine in dram doses in feed, to be 

 followed by an oily purgative as described. In treating calves, which 

 are more apt to be infested with worms than full-grown cattle, reduce 

 the doses to one-fourth or a third. 



Jaundice, the Yellows, or Congestion of the I/iver. When 

 jaundice exists there is a yellow appearance of the white of the eyes, ana 

 of the mucous membrane of the mouth. A similar aspect of the skin 

 may also be observed in animals which are either partly or altogether 

 covered with white hair. Jaundice is then merely a symptom of disease 

 and ought to direct attention to ascertaining, if possible, the cause or 

 causes which have given rise to it. A swollen condition of the mucous 

 membrane of that part of the bowel called the duodenum may produce 

 jaundice, as that mechanically closes the orifice of the biliary duct. In 

 constipation there is an inactive or torpid condition of the bowel, and the 

 bile which passes into the intestine may be absorbed and cause the yellow 

 staining of jaundice. Jaundice is one of the symptoms of Texas fever 

 and depends on the congested condition of the liver existing in that 

 disease. It may also arise from the presence of parasites or gallstones in 

 the ducts, forming a mechanical obstruction to the onward flow of bile. 

 It may also arise from injury to the nervous system impeding the func- 

 tions of the nerves supplied to the liver, and checking or diminishing 

 the secretion of bile. This form of jaundice is, so far as we know, un- 

 known in cattle. The conditions under' which jaundice most commonly 

 calls for treatment are when cattle have been highly fed and kept in a 

 state of inactivity. At such a time there is an excess of nutritive ele- 

 ments carried into the blood, which is associated with increased fullness 

 of the portal vein and hepatic artery. When continued high feeding has 

 produced this congested state of the liver, the functions of that organ 

 become disordered, so that a considerable portion of the bile, instead of 

 being excreted and passing into the intestine is absorbed by the hepatic 

 veins. 



Symptoms. This disease occurs most frequently among stall-fed 

 cattle. Pressure along the margin of rhe short ribs on the right side 

 produces piin; the appetite is poor and the animal shows hardly any in- 

 clination to drink; the mucous membranes of the eye and mouth are 

 yellow; the urine has a yellow or brown appearance; the animal lies 



