CATTI,B. ^9 



ounce; iodide of potassium, thirty to sixty grains; mix. Apply strong 

 counterirritant to chest and put seton in dewlap. If collapse of the lung 

 is threatened a surgical operation is sometimes performed, termed para- 

 centesis thoracis, which consists in puncturing the chest cavity and 

 drawing off a part of the fluid. The instruments used are a small trocar 

 and canula, which are introduced between the eighth and ninth ribs. 

 Draw the skin forward so that the external wound may not correspond 

 with the puncture of the chest, to prevent the entrance of air. Only a 

 portion of the fluid should be removed. The animal gets immediate re- 

 lief, but it is generally only temporary, as there is a tendency for the 

 fluid to accumulate again. 



Pneumonia. This is an inflammation of the lung substance. It is 

 divided into three diiferent forms, viz: first, croupous; second, catarrhal; 

 and third, intestinal pneumonia. 



The causes of pneumonia in general are the same as those of the 

 various other inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. It mostly 

 follows congestion of the lungs, but may in rare cases have a parasitic 

 origin. 



Syniptoms. In the first stage, that of congestion, the disease is 

 usually ushered in by a chill, although this may not always be observed 

 by the attendant. This is followed by an elevation of temperature, 

 usually 105" to 106° F., or it may be even higher. The respirations are 

 quick and shallow; the nostrils are dilated; the pulse is full and hard. 

 Cough may or may not appear in this stage. The nose is hot and dry; 

 the tongue sometimes protrudes and is slimy; the coat is staring, and 

 the skin dry and harsh. The urine is usually diminished in quantity, 

 high colored, and the bowels constipated. The animal stands with the 

 forelegs wide apart to facilitate respiration. 



In the second stage the temperature generally drops one or two de- 

 grees, and respiration is performed with much difiiculty. The cough is 

 frequent and painful. The animal still stands with the forelegs wide 

 apart and the elbows turned outwards. If it assumes the recumbent 

 position it rests on the sternum. All secretions are more or less sus- 

 pended, particularly the milk in cows. The animal has a haggard 

 appearance, and the pulse becomes small and wiry at this period. The 

 extremities are hot and cold alternately: and no sound on ausculation 

 will be heard, except it be a slight wheezing or whistling noise. On 

 percussion dullness over the diseased lung is manifested, indicating 

 consolidation. The lung has now assumed a liver-like appearance. 



