CATTLS. 323 



abdominal tenderness on pressure, with a very frothy state of the milk 

 or even a reddish tinge, with or without marked paleness of the mucous 

 membranes and general weakness. When direct injury to the kidneys 

 is the immediate cause of the disease the urine will be passed often, in 

 small quantity at a time, and with much straining. When there is 

 bloodlessness (a watery blood) from insufficient nourishment, fever is 

 absent and the red water is at first the only symptom. When the active 

 cause has been irritatant plants, abdominal tenderness, colics, and other 

 signs of bowel inflammation are marked features. 



Treatment. This will vary according as the cause has been an irri- 

 tant operating on a subject in vigorous health or a malarious poison act- 

 ing on an animal deficient in blood and vigor. In the first form of red- 

 water a smart purgative (one pound to one and a half pounds Glauber 

 salts) will clear away the irritants from the bowels and allay the co- 

 existent high fever. It will also serve to divert to the bowels much of 

 the irritant products already absorbed into the blood, and will thus pro- 

 tect the kidneys. In many such cases a liberal supply of wholesome, 

 easily digestible food will be all the additional treatment required. In 

 this connection demulcent food (boiled flaxseed, wheat bran) is espe- 

 cially good. If much blood has been lost, bitters (gentian, one-half 

 ounce) and iron (sulphate of iron, two drams) should be given for a 

 week. 



For cases in which excess of diuretic plants have been taken, it may 

 be well to replace the salts by one to two pints olive oil, adding one 

 ounce laudanum and two drams gum caphor. Also to apply fomenta- 

 tions or a fresh sheepskin over the loins. Buttermilk or vinegar, one- 

 half pint, or sulphuric acid, sixty drops in a pint of water, may also be 

 employed at intervals as injections. In cases due to sprained or frac- 

 tured loins, to inflamed kidneys, or to stone or gravel, the treatment will 

 be as for the particular disease in question. 



In hsematuria from anaemia (watery blood), whether from insufficient 

 or badly-adjacent rations, or from the poisonous products of fermenta- 

 tion in impervious or marshy soils, the treatment must be essentially 

 tonic and stimulating. Rich, abundant, and easily digestible food must 

 be furnished. The different grains (oats, barley, wheat, bran, rye) and 

 seeds (rape, linseed, cotton-seed) are especially called for, and may be 

 given either ground or boiled. As a bitter, sulphate of quinine one-half 

 dram, and tincture of muriate of iron two drams, may be given in a pint 

 of water thrice a day. In some cases one or two tea-spoonfuls of oil of 



