STANDARD RECEIPTS. 467 



or lower lid. As the lower lid is the more easily examined it is well to 

 see if the dirt is adhering to this part. This is done by standing in 

 front of the person, and pressing the finger upon the flesh of the cheek- 

 bone and drawing down the skin. Then if the dirt is in sight it can be 

 removed by the moist corner of a handkerchief. If the dirt is not on 

 the lower lid, place a match or knitting kneedle over the upper lid, and 

 by pressing downward, and at the same time raising the upper lid it will 

 be turned inside out. This will expose to view the offending particle 

 which may be removed as before. The eye should then be bathed in cold 

 water and the light excluded. If the inflammation is severe, put on 

 cold tea leaves or scraped potato or bathe in salt and water. 



Fainting- and Fits. Fainting is caused by a lack of blood to the 

 brain, which has been caused by the stoppage of the heart or the blood 

 going to some other part of the body. Place the person who has fainted 

 on the back with head low; loosen the clothing about the neck and chest; 

 sprinkle cold water in the face; and apply smelling salts to the nostrils. 

 Do not raise the head higher than the body, unless the face is red, or 

 dark colored, which is an indication that it is not an ordinary fainting 

 fit, and should be treated differently. In cases of this kind raise the 

 person on a seat and put cold water on the head immediately. 



PAINT AND VARNISHES. 



When to Paint. Paints put on late in the fall or early in the 

 spring, when the weather is cold and there is no dust or bothersome in- 

 sects will last longer than if applied at any other time. The cold weath- 

 er seems to delay drying and the paint hardens on the surface, often 

 forming a surface that a knife blade will hardly penetrate. 



Glossy or Dead Surface. Paint mixed with turpentine will give 

 a dead surface, while one mixed with oil produces a gloss. When 

 paints contain both oil and turpentine the paint loses its gloss in pro- 

 portion as the oil is lessened and the turpentine increased. Paints 

 should never be put upon a damp surface; let the boards thoroughly dry 

 after rain or showers before painting. Never put on the second coat of 

 paint till the first is thoroughly dry. Use a little more dryer when the 

 weather is cold than when it is warm. Keep the paint thoroughly 

 stirred so as to have it of a uniform thickness. 



To Kill Knots Before Painting. Shellac varnish is most com- 

 monly used. If the paint is of a deep color shade, red lead may be mixed 



