546 FRUIT CULTURE. 



How and When to Spray. Farmers and fruit growers are in 

 need of short and concise directions for applying sprays to cultivated 

 plants. Although much has been written on the subject of spraying, 

 the information is so scattered that unless the farmers had hours to spend 

 to find the desired knowledge, it could not be obtained. In the prepara- 

 tion of this table, there has been gathered most important points regard- 

 ing sprays, and these have been arranged in such a manner that the 

 grower can see at a glance what to apply and when to make the applica- 

 tions. The more important insect and fungus enemies are also men- 

 tioned, so that a fairly clear understanding of the work can be obtained 

 by examining the foregoing table. When making the applications advised, 

 other enemies than those mentioned -are also kept under control. The 

 directions given have been carefully compiled from the latest results ob- 

 tained by leading horticulturists and entomologists, and they maybe fol- 

 lowed with safety. 



Note;. — In this it will be seen that some applications are preceeded by 

 a *, and these are the ones which are most important. The number 

 of applications gi\'en in each case has particular reference to localities in 

 which fungus and insect enemies are most abundant. If your crops are 

 not troubled when some applications are advised, it is unnecessary to 

 make any. 



Aphis, the Hop-yard Pest. The best preventive is the destruc- 

 tion of its eggs on plum trees and of all wild plum trees in hop districts. 

 The best remedies for attack are found in kerosene emulsion or fish-oil 

 soaps. 



The Currant Aphis. The best way to destroy the plant-lice that 

 cluster on the tips of currant or gooseberry stems is by dipping the 

 stems in, or spraying them with, pyrethrum or tobacco water. This will 

 kill most of them. All may be destroyed by a strong kerosene emul- 

 sion as also its eggs in the autumn or winter if they are deposited on the 

 stems. Undiluted kerosene may perhaps be used with safety. 



Hop lyOUSe. The best known remedies, are spra5dng the vines on 

 the first appearance of the insect with the kerosene and soap emulsion, or 

 the quassia and soap wash. By the proper use of the above means, seri- 

 ous losses may be averted. 



yellovs' Wooly Bear. This is a caterpillar attacking many garden 

 plants, and is known in the winged state as "the white miller." They 

 should be picked from the plants and crushed. 



