548 BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS. 



(2) Those animals with enlarged, prominent glands about the head 

 (in front of the ears, under and behind the lower jaw), or enlarged 

 glands in front of the shoulder, in the flank, and behind the udder, and 

 all animals having swellings on any part of the body which discharge a 

 yellowish matter and refuse to heal. 



(3) Animals with suspected tuberculosis of uterus and udder. 

 Disinfection and other preventive measures. — Preventive measures of a 



general character must still be kept in view for some time after removal 

 of animals affected. These measures partly suffer shipwreck from the 

 fact that it is difficult without tuberculin to recognize even advanced 

 disease during life. Still much can be done to reduce the amount of 

 infection by following out certain general and specific suggestions 

 which the renewed study of the disease has either originated or else 

 placed on a more substantial basis. 



Perhaps the most important preliminary suggestion to be made is, 

 that the owner of cattle should endeavor to familiarize himself as much 

 as possible with the general nature of tuberculosis, its cause, the ways 

 in which the virus may leave the body of the sick and enter that of the 

 well, and, lastly, the ways in which it spreads within the body. He 

 should make himself acquainted with the peculiar appearance of tuber- 

 culosis growths in the body, and open every animal that dies, so that 

 he may know to what extent his animals are dying of this malady. 

 Wherever possible the services of the skilled veterinarian should be 

 made use of. Sanitary precautions should begin with the removal of 

 diseased and suspected animals. This is the most essential require- 

 ment, for diseased animals are the only breeding places of the specific 

 virus. 



After the removal of these, attention should be paid first of all to the 

 stables. Here, during the long confinement of the winter months, 

 when ventilation is all but suppressed, we may look for the source of 

 most of the inhalation diseases so common in tuberculous cattle. 

 Even when only a few cases of tuberculosis have been found, the 

 stables should be disinfected by removal of all dirt and the subsequent 

 application of disinfectants. Since tubercle bacilli are more resistant 

 than most other disease germs, the strength of the disinfecting solu- 

 tion must not be less than as given. The following substances may be 

 used: 



(a) Corrosive sublimate (mercuric chloride), 1 ounce in about 8 gal- 

 lons of water (one-tenth of i per cent). The water should be kept in 



