gjg 1.EGAL DEPARTMENT. 



entitled to all the rights and privileges, and subject to all the obligations, 

 of a natural born British subject. 



Exception. There is this distinction, however ; an alien who has ob- 

 tained a certificate of naturalization in Canada, but who has by the law 

 of a foreign state not ceased to be a subject of that state, is not deemed a 

 British subject when he is in that foreign state. 



A married woman shall, within Canada, be deemed to be a subject of 

 the state of which her husband is for the time being a subject. 



If she becomes an alien through marriage, she is deemed a statutory 

 alien, and may obtain at any time during widowhood, a certificate of 

 re-admission to British nationality. 



Every child of a father or mother who has received a naturalization 

 certificate is a British subject. 



PRINCIPAL AND AGENT. 



Definition. An agent is one who acts for, in the name, and by the 

 authority of another, who is called the principal. 



Theory. The theory of the law is whatever business a man may do 

 for himself, he may employ another to do for him, and whatever is done 

 for him by his authority, is to be held as though he did it himself. 



Extent. When we consider the fact that every clerk, laborer, or 

 employee is the agent of the one who employs him, we see how im- 

 possible it would be to conduct business without the medium of agency. 

 There are in the employ of the C. P. Railway some thousands of persons, 

 each one of whom is an agent (to a greater or less extent) of the 

 company. 



How long could one man run this great railroad if he himself were com- 

 pelled to drive the engine or handle the brake ? Thus we see how every 

 business and every enterprise needs its controlling, its guiding mind, 

 which works through others. 



How Established. An agency may be established by a person per- 

 mitting another to hold himself out to the world as his agent, by a verbal 

 agreement or written contract ; as little form is necessary to employ an 

 agent, as to hire a common day laborer. But when the agent is to have 

 authority to execute a sealed instrument, as for the conveyance of real estate, 

 his authority must be given under seal. An agency is also often implied 

 from the course of business ; as, for instance, a son who sells goods in his 



