45. COMPOSITiE. 169 



transversely striated, constricted or slightly beaked above ; 

 areola terminal. Pappus in 2 rows, feathery ; external row 

 subpilose. 



40. Helminthia. Phyll. in 1 row, equal, with equal subu- 

 late adpressed ones at the base, and surrounded by 3 — 5 

 leaflike loose bracts. Receptacle dotted. Fr. compressed, 

 transversely rugose, rounded at the end and with a slender 

 beak longer than itself. Pappus in several rows, feathery. 



***** Pappus filiform, deciduous, never feathery nor dilated at 

 the base. Receptacle generally without scales. Fruit com- 



41. Lactuca. Heads few-flowered. Phyll. with a mem- 

 branous margin, imbricated in 2 — 4 rows; outer row shorter. 

 Fr. plane-compressed, contracted and produced into a fiU- 

 form beak which is not crowned nor muricated at the base. 



42. Leontodon. Heads many-flowered. Involucre double ; 

 inner of 1 row, erect ; outer of few short lax or adpressed 

 imbricated phyllaries. Fr. subcompressed, muricated and 

 suddenly contracted above, produced into a filiform beak. 



43. SoNCHUS. Heads many-flowered. Phyll. imbricated in 

 2 or 3 rows of unequal scales. Fr. plane-compressed, trun- 

 cate above, not beaked. 



44. MuLGEDiuM. Heads many-flowered. Involucre double ; 

 inner of 1 row, outer of short lax imbricated phyllaries. Fr. 

 compressed, constricted above, and terminating in a ciliated 

 disk. Outer rows of the pappus rigid and brittle. 



****** Fruit terete, ribbed. Otherwise like the preceding section. 



46. Crkpis. Heads many-flowered. Involucre double ; inner 

 of 1 row, outer of short lax phyllaries. Fr. terete, narrowed 

 upwards or beaked. 



46. HiERAClUM. Heads many-flowered. Phyll. imbricated, 

 many, oblong. Fr. truncate above, not beaked, with a very 

 short crenulated margin. 



[Anomalous Genus. Order Ambrostace^ Link. 



47. Xanthium. Heads monoecious. Male : involucre of 

 1 row of free phyllaries, many-flowered. Receptacle scaly. 

 Cor. funnelshaped, 6-cleft. Antb. free. Stigma obtuse, 

 entire. — Fem. fl. 2, inclosed within the involucre which is 

 terminated by 1 — 2 beaks and covered with hooked spines 

 and at length hardened over the fruit. Cor. fiUform. 



