186 45. COMPOSITyE. 



jagged. Heads radiant. I have seen no native specimens. — 

 Very rare. Sussex. Angusshire. Belfast. P. VIII. IX.] 



2. C. nigra (L.) ; phyll. -appendages patent or erect ovate- 

 lanceolate pectinate, teeth svibulate long, pappus short deci- 

 duous, 1. lanceolate acute. — E. B. 278 (inv. not good). R, xv. 

 761. — St. 1 — 2 ft. high; branches long, mostly simple, 1-headed. 

 L. green ; lower narrowed into long stalks, entire or sinuate- 

 serrate ; upper sessile. Heads large, globose. Phyll. pale, 

 brown or black appendages usually quite covering them ; length 

 of sheath about twice as long as the breadth of appendage; 

 innermost appendages torn. Fr. oblong, downy ; basal scar ob- 

 ovate. Outer row of fits, usually radiant. Sometimes 1. very 

 narrow. — A plant from Berkshire has patent or recurved lanceo- 

 late-attenuate appendages, no pappus, slender 1., and differs 

 otherwise. C. microplilon, Godr. ? — Meadows and pastures. 

 P. VIII. IX. Black Knapweed. 



3. C. nigrescens (Godr.) ; phyll.-appendages erect lanceolate 

 or ovate-lanceolate pectinate, teeth subulate short, pappus 0, 1. 

 lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate acute. — Like C. nigra. St. 4 — 1-^ 

 ft. high, nearly always simple, 1-headed. L. green, broader than 

 in No. 2 ; lower narrowed into stalks sinuate-dentate or lyrate- 

 sinuate or entire ; upper sessile. Heads smaller than in No. 2, 

 globose. Phyll. pale, brown appendages usually not wholly 

 covering them ; length of teeth often scarcely longer than the 

 breadth of the brown appendage ; three innermost rows usually 

 protruding and with roundish irregularly torn appendages. Fr. 

 obovate, downy; basal scar ovate. Outer row of fits, usually 

 radiant.— S.W. of England. P. VI.— IX. E. 



** Phyllaries lanceolate, their upper half with a somewhat sca- 

 rious deeply toothed or fringed decurrent margin. 



4. C. Cyanus (L.) ; phyll. erect adpressed deeply toothed, 

 pappus as long as the fruit, I. linear-lanceolate, the lowermost 

 toothed or pinnatifld. — E. B. 2/7. — St. 1 — 3 feet high, loosely 

 cottony, leafy. L. slightly cottony above, densely beneath. In- 

 volucre greenish-yellow ; phyll. often tinged with purple in their 

 upper half, margins brown decurrent with whitish teeth. Heads 

 with large radiant blue flowers, disk purple. — Corn-fields. A. VI. 

 —VIII. Corn Bluebottle. 



5. C. Scabiosa (L.) ; phyll. erect adpressed, the triangular- 

 ovate black pectinated appendages not covering the inv., teeth 

 ascending setaceous short, pappus as long as the fruit, 1. pinna- 

 tifld roughish, segments lobecl with callous points. — E. B. 66. — 

 St. 2 — 3 feet high, rough, furrowed. L. hispid, lobes of the 

 upper ones entire. Heads on long naked stalks, solitary. Invo- 



