188 45. compositjE. 



nearly globose, large, somewhat cottony; phyll. fringed with 

 minute spinous teeth. Fits, purple. — Waste ground. B. VIII. 



30. Carduus Linn. Thistle. 



[Many hybrids occur in this genus.] 



* Pappus rough. Cabduus Sm., DC, Koch. 



1. C. nutans (L.) ; 1. decurrent spinous lanceolate sinuated, 

 heads solitary drooping hemispherical, phyll. lanceolate cottony 

 outer ones rejlexed. — E. B. 1112. — St. 2 feet high, erect, angular, 

 furrowed, cottony, winged. L. hairy on both sides, with woolly 

 veins beneath, pinnatifid with 3-lobed wavy spinose-eiliated seg- 

 ments ending in strong spines. Heads large; fl. crimson; un- 

 opened anth. purple. Inv. hemispherical, internal phyll. contracted 

 above the base and then lanceolate. — Waste ground. B. V. — 

 VIII. 



2. C. crispus (L.) ; 1. decurrent spinose-eiliated lanceolate 

 glabrous or cottony beneath deeply pinnatifid, lobes trifid and 

 dentate, heads aggregated roundish, phyll. linear-subulate erect or 

 ascending. — E. B. 973. — St. about 3 feet high. L. lanceolate, 

 downy or woolly beneath. Heads small, usually clustered. Phyll. 

 ending in a weak spine, ascending. Epigynous disk of fr. with a 

 conical not angular tubercle. — /3. C. acanthoides (L.); 1. broadly 

 lanceolate, usually not downy beneath, head twice as large soli- 

 tary or rarely 2 or 3 together, phyll. strongly spinous erect, cen- 

 tral tubercle of fr. 5-angled. — Dry banks and waste places. /3. is 

 the less common plant. B. ? VI. — VIII. 



3. C. tenuifiorus (Curt.) ; 1. decurrent sinuate spinous broadly 

 lanceolate cottony beneath, segments ovate lobed, heads many 

 aggregate sessile subeylindrical, phyll. ovate-lanceolate atte- 

 nuated. — E.B. 412. — St. about 3 feet high, slightly branched, 

 with broad deeply lobed spinous wings. L. deeply sinuate or pin- 

 natifid. Involucres nearly glabrous. Florets pink. — Sandy 

 places near the sea. B. ? Vl. — VIII. 



** Pappus feathery. Cnicus Linn., Sm. Cirsium Koch, DC. 



t Leaves spinous-hairy above, fl. purple. 



4. C lanceolatus (L.); I. decurrent white and cottony beneath 

 pinnatifid, lobes bifid with lanceolate entire segments each ter- 

 minated by a strong spine, involucres ovate shaggy, phyll. lanceo- 

 late spinous spreading. — E. B. 107. — St. 3 — 4 feet high, erect, 

 furrowed, hairy, with strong spinous wings. Heads terminal, soli- 

 tary or 2 or 3 together, large ; florets purple. — Waste ground. 

 B. VII. VIII. Spear Thistle. 



