78. CONIFERS. 309 



9. CoRYLUs Linn. Hazel. 



1. C . Avellana {\j.) ; stip. oblong obtuse, 1. roundish-cordate 

 acuminate, involucre of the ovoid fr. bellshaped spreading torn 

 at the margin. — E. B. 723. — A shrubby tree. Young twigs hairy 

 and glandular. L. downy beneath. Male catkins long, pendu- 

 lous. Fem. fl. in ovate buds. Stigmas bright crimson. — Hedges 

 and copses. Sh. III. IV. Hazel Nut. 



10. Carpinus Linn. Hornbeam. 



1. C. Betulus (L.); scales of the fruit 3-parted, segments 

 lanceolate the middle one longest. — E. B, 2032. — A small tree. 

 L. ovate, acute, plaited when young, deeply and sharply doubly 

 serrate. — Damp clayey woods and hedges. T. V. 



Subclass II. GYMNOSPERMiE. 

 Seeds quite naked. 



Order LXXVIII. CONIFERS. 



Fl. monoecious or dioecious. Barren fl. of one or more mona- 

 delphous stamens, in a deciduous catkin, about a common axis. 

 Anth, of 2 or more lobes bursting outwards, often terminated by 

 a scalelike crest. Fertile fl. usually in cones, sometimes sohtary. 

 Ovary spread open in the shape of a scale and placed in the axil 

 of a membranous bract; in the solitary fl. apparently wanting. 

 Ovules naked in pairs on the face of the ovary and inverted ; or 

 (in the solitary fl.) erect. Fr. a cone, or solitary naked seed. 

 Testa hard, crustaceous. Embryo in the axis of fleshy albumen. 

 Radicle next the apex. Woody tissue marked with circular 

 disks. 



Tribe I. TAXWEJE. Male fl. in catkins. Fern. fl. solitary, 

 naked or bracteated. 



1. Taxus. Catkins of male fl. oval, scaly below, flowering 

 at the top. Stam. many. Anth. peltate, 3 — 8-celled. Fem. 

 fl. scaly below. Style 0. Ovule surrounded at the base by 

 a ring which becomes a fleshy cupshaped disk surrounding 

 the seed.— G. F. G. Monochl. 14. 



Tr. II. CUPRESSINE^. Male fl. in catkins. Anth. 4—7, 

 inserted on the edge of the subpeltate scales. Fem. fl. few, 

 in a small catkin. Ovules pointing from the axis. 



2. JuNiPERus. Anth. 4 — 7, 1-celled, inserted on the lower 

 edge of the scales. Scales of the fem. catkin imbricate, 

 lower ones barren. Ovules 3, surrounded by a 3-fid fleshy 



