252 THE SPRAYING OF FRUITS. 



mixed. This poison is not so energetic as the arsenites, and 

 may be used a short time before the sprayed portions become 

 edible. For insects which chew, but chiefly used for the cur- 

 rant-worm. 



Tobacco Water. — This solution may be prepared by placing 

 tobacco stems in a water-tight vessel, and then covering them 

 with hot water. Allow to stand several hours, dilute the 

 liquor from three to five times, and apply. For soft-bodied 

 insects, especially for plant-lice. 



Whale-oil Soap. — Used for various scale insects, in the pro- 

 portion of one pound to five gallons of water. Some tender 

 plants may be injured by this strength, if it is applied when 

 they are in active growth. For San Jose scale, in winter, two 

 pounds to the gallon. 



Kerosene Emulsion. — Hard soap, one-half pound; boiling 

 water, one gallon; kerosene, two gallons; dissolve the soap in 

 the water, add the kerosene, and churn with a pump for five 

 to ten minutes. Dilute four to twenty-five times before 

 applying. Use strong emulsion for all scale insects, including 

 the San Jose scale. For such insects as plant-lice, mealy- 

 bugs, red spider, thrips, weaker preparations will prove effec- 

 tive. Cabbage-worms, currant- worms, and all insects which 

 have soft bodies, can also be successfully treated with this 

 emulsion. It is advisable to make the emulsion shortly before 

 it is used. 



Crude Oil and Water Mixture. — This is rapidly superseding 

 kerosene emulsion for combating sucking insects. It is more 

 economical than the emulsion and is easier to apply. For scale 

 insects use a 15-per-cent. to 25-per-cent. mixture; for plant 

 lice and thrips the 5-per-cent. strength is strong enough. 

 Cabbage-worms, currant-worms, and other soft-bodied insects 

 may also be treated successfully. This mixture, or emulsion, 

 is made by pumps (of several patterns), which mix it auto- 

 matically. 



Bordeaux Mixture. — The leading fungicide, made of six 

 pounds of copper sulphate (blue vitriol or blue-stone), four 

 pounds of quicklime, forty to fifty gallons of water. This is 

 the normal or 1.6 per cent, mixture. Dissolve the copper sul- 

 phate by putting it in a bag of coarse cloth and hanging this 

 in a vessel holding at least four gallons, so that it is just cov- 



