438 NUTS. 



bark from warping open by the action of the atmosphere, thus 

 causing the graft to die." 



Cleft Sap Grafting. — As this differs somewhat from cleft 

 grafting as described on page 33, and is claimed by Felix Gil- 

 let, of California, to succeed with walnuts, his method is thus 

 described : " If done early in the spring when the sap is com- 

 mencing to flow, it can be used on limbs as large as three and 



<3 /•' 



Fig. 572.— Cleft Sap Grafting. 



a half inches in diameter. The stock is sawed off and smoothed 

 as for ordinary cleft grafting. Instead of making a single 

 cleft through the centre, two are made, one across the stub at 

 each side of the centre (Fig. de, de) the cleft thus being in 

 sapwood, instead of through the heartwood and pith. The 

 scion is prepared as for ordinary cleft grafting, except that 

 the sloping cuts are so made that but one scarf exposes the 

 pith (Figs, y, /', f). After the insertion of the scions the 

 cut surfaces left exposed are thoroughly waxed, and the stock 

 is well bound with cotton cloth to prevent it from opening 

 and drying out." 



Hickories and walnuts can be budded by the annular pro- 

 cess (page 45), working upon one- or two-year-old seedlings, 

 and probably with much less percentage of loss than by any 



