500 THE PEAR. 



trees, which have become enfeebled by long bearing and 

 sparse pruning, may be thus rendered thrifty and vigorous. 



With trees of large size, it may be safest to change the 

 upper half in one year, and the re- 

 mainder the next, for the purpose 

 of avoiding too great a check in 

 growth. 



Younger trees, or those but a few 

 years old, of undesirable sorts, but of 

 straight growth, may be used for 

 stocks on which to work new heads 

 of crooked or slow growers at stan- 

 dard height. Fig. 642 represents a 

 tree of the Virgalieu worked over to 

 the Winter Nelis, the former being 

 a straight and handsome tree, and 

 the latter the most crooked grower 

 known. A few buds of the Winter 

 Nelis are inserted into the side limbs 



of the Virgalieu so as to form an 



° Fig. 642. 



even, well-balanced head. The same 



result may be obtained by grafting these limbs in spring. 



SYNOPSIS OP ARRANGEMENT. 



Division I. Summer. Pears. 



Class I. Distinct pyrtfortn. 



Class II. Obscure pyrifortn, obovate, or turbinate. 



Class III. Roundish or oblate. 



Division II. Autumn Pears. 



Class I. Distinct pyriform. 



Class II. Obscure pyriform, obovate, or turbinate. 



Class III. Roundish or oblate. 



Division III. Winter Pears. 



Class I. Distinct pyrifortn. 



Class II. Obscure pyriform, obovate, or turbinate. 



Class III. Roundish or oblate. 



