MILK AND ITS PRODUCTS. 
CHAPTER I. 
THE SECRETION OF MILK. 
THE females of all animals that suckle their 
young (class Mammalia) secrete for this purpose a 
special fluid which is known as milk. It is an 
opaque yellowish white fluid, with a slight alkaline 
reaction and a faintly sweetish taste. It consists 
of an emulsion of fats in a watery solution of 
alkaline salts, casein and sugar. It is secreted in 
two special glands situated without the body cavity 
on either side of the median line, and known as 
the mammary glands or mamme. 
Manmary glands,—While, strictly speaking, there 
are but two glands, each gland may be divided 
into two or more lobes, each having a separate open- 
ing; thus, while there are ordinarily but two simple 
glands in the ewe, mare and goat, in the cow there 
are four or six, in the cat and bitch six to ten, and 
in the sow ten to fourteen. In animals having 
multiple glands, the mamme occupy nearly the whole 
of the lower part of the chest and abdomen. In 
other animals the glands are confined either to the 
chest or abdomen. In many animals each gland 
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