Theory of Deep Setting System. 99 
till its maximum density is reached at about 40° F., 
at which temperature the difference between the 
specific gravity of the water or milk serum and the 
fat will be at its greatest, and the separation of the 
fat for that reason promoted. But while the water 
does cool faster than the fat, the fat shrinks or 
inereases in density much faster than the water, 
so that the difference in specific gravity between the 
two is no greater, and in fact less, at low tempera- 
tures than at high ones. Further, the viscosity of 
the milk serum is much increased at low tempera- 
tures, so that the favorable influence of low tempera- 
tures cannot be explained upon these grounds. 
Arnold* attempted to explain the favorable influence 
wholly upon the relative contraction of the fat and 
serum, as follows : 
Water is a better conductor of heat than fat; henee when 
the temperature of milk varies either up or down, the water 
in the milk feels the effect of heat or cold sooner than the 
fat in the cream does, therefore the cream is always a little 
behind the water in swelling with heat or shrinking with cold, 
thus diminishing the difference between the specific gravity of 
the milk and cream when the temperature is rising, and in- 
creasing it when the temperature is falling. 
But that this explanation is not sufficient, Bab- 
cock t has shown thus : 
Though it is true that water is a better conductor of heat 
than fat, the small size of the fat globules renders it impossible 
that, under any circumstances, there can be more than a small 
fraction of a degree difference between the temperature of the 
fat and that of the milk serum. Moreover, within the limits 
of temperature practical for creaming (90° F. to 40° F.), 
* American Dairying, 
Pesaran wn tate * Wigiiized by Mierpsoft®s. 10 ~ 94 
