MUSK-OX IN CAPTIVITY 23 
One of the most important discoveries of the expedition 
was the fact that the region visited had once been inhabited 
by Eskimo, but their kitchen-middens contained no remains 
of Musk-Ox, from which, and from other evidence, Professor 
Nathorst concludes that the presence of that animal on the 
eastern coast of Greenland is due to a southward migration 
along the coast which has taken place since 1823.1 
In 1899 a Swedish expedition carried to Europe two male 
specimens captured on Clavering Island, on the east coast 
of Greenland. Both were purchased by the Duke of Bedford. 
In 1900 thirteen living specimens were captured on the 
eastern coast of Greenland, between Latitude 70° and 74°, and 
taken alive to Europe. 
One male in Woburn Park, England, owned by the Duke 
of Bedford, survived until 1903. 
In March, 1902, the New York Zoological Park received, 
as a gift from Mr. William C. Whitney, a female Musk-Ox 
twenty-one months old, captured on the Barren Grounds 
north of Great Bear Lake, about Latitude 69°. This spec- 
imen died of acute pneumonia on August 16, 1902. 
In September, 1902, a very small female Musk-Ox calf, 
captured by Commander Robert E. Peary, at Fort Conger 
(Latitude 81°), was received in the New York Zoological Park, 
as a gift from the Peary Arctic Club. It died in October. 
In 1903 (July) five Musk-Ox calves, one male and four 
females, arrived at Tromsoe, Norway, from Greenland, and 
were offered for sale to zoological gardens generally. 
1 See “Le Loup polaire et le Boeuf Musque,” par A. G. Nathorst, Bulletin de 
la Société Géographie, Paris, 1901. 
