DISTRIBUTION OF BUFFALO HERDS 13 
breeds persistently and successfully in captivity, and to the 
great efforts that have been put forth by the United States 
Government, the Canadian Government, the American Bison 
Society, the New York Zoological Society and several pri- 
vate individuals. 
The species reached its lowest ebb in 1889, when there 
were only 256 head in captivity and 835 running wild. The 
increase has been as follows: 
1888—W. T. Hornaday’s census............2..00000 00s 1,300 
1889—W. T. Hornaday’s census................000000 0. 1,091 
1902—S. P. Langley’s census.....................0.0.. 1,394 
1905—Frank Baker’s census... ..... 00.00.0000 cece eueee 1,697 
1908—W. T. Hornaday’s census. ..................... 2,047 
1910—W. P. Wharton’s census (in North America)....... 2,108 
1912—W. P. Wharton’s census (in North America)...... 2,907 
To-day (January 1, 1914) nearly one-half of the living 
Buffalo are in very large, perpetually established govern- 
mental parks, and are breeding rapidly, as follows: 
In tHE UNITED STATES 
Yellowstone Park fenced herd, founded by Congress, 1905.......... 125 
Montana National Bison Range, founded by the American Bison 
SOCLY, L909 a2 huey Mela, iam dgaste wed Sem ek ey DERE Meda 96 
Wichita National Bison Range, founded by the New York Zoological 
Society, 1907 Meats Recancseher ancien: MEADE. erhces.. evades das 48 
Wind Cave National Bison Range, South Dakota, founded by the 
American Bison Society, 1913 .... 00 21... 0. cee eee eee 19 
Niobrara (Neb.) National Bison Range, LONG 3 56 soot eee ded eee 10 
In Canapa 
Buffaio Park, Wainwright, Alberta................06.00 cane. . 1,052 
Elk Island Park, Alberta..... 0.0... 26.05. cee eee bee eee 53 
Rocky Mountains Park, Banff, Alberta... ......  ..... ee Q7 
Total in National and Provincial Preserves ................. 1,430 
