102 HOOFED ANIMALS 
an army of cavalry on a march. This is most noticeable on 
the Canadian Barren Grounds, which, by reason of its summer 
pasturage and the absence of water barriers, encourages the 
display of natural instinct. The observations of several 
travellers north of the Great Slave Lake have resulted in the 
belief that “in spring the Barren Ground Caribou seek the 
coast of the Arctic Ocean, and remain near the salt water until 
about September.” But this idea is much too circumscribed. 
The explorations of Mr. J. B. Tyrrell, of the Canadian 
Geological Survey, have proved conclusively that the univer- 
sal herd of the Great Slave Lake region does exactly as did 
the universal buffalo herd of 1871. It moves northward in 
spring for a given distance only, stops at will, spends the sum- 
mer and in the early winter moves southward. On July 
30, 1893, Mr. Tyrrell saw a vast assemblage of Barren Ground 
Caribou at Carey Lake (Latitude 62° 10’ and Longitude 102° 
45’), nearly 500 miles from the arctic coast. A herd of sev- 
eral thousand animals was composed of females with young 
fawns, young females and males of all ages, the lofty antlers 
of the latter being noticeably prominent. This herd was then 
only sixty miles north of the southern edge of the Barren 
Grounds. 
The most impressive published description of a Caribou 
migration is from the pen of Mr. Warburton Pike. It is a 
relation of what he saw on Lake Camsell, sixty miles north 
of the eastern end of Great Slave Lake, in 1889, and refers 
to the southward movement to the timbered regions, where 
the lichens growing upon the trees afford subsistence in winter, 
when the ground mosses are buried under snow and ice. 
