132 ELEPHANTS 
of southeastern New York undoubtedly still entomb the 
fossil remains of many an undiscovered Mastodon, hermet- 
ically sealed and awaiting the steam-shovel of the modern 
excavator. 
Tue Mammorus of North America were true elephants, 
and three species are known. 
Tue ImpreriaL Mammota (Elephas imperator) was a great, 
long-haired giant of giants; for at the shoulders he attained 
the amazing height of 13 feet 6 inches! In the museum of 
the Chicago Academy of Sciences there stands the skeleton 
of a Mammoth that appears to have had a living height of at 
least 13 feet. Tusks of Mammoths have been found in Alaska 
measuring, so it is reported, up to 11 feet in length. 
The fact that the Mammoths were covered with long, 
very coarse hair, of a dark-brown color, has been thoroughly 
established by the discovery in northern Siberia, fast frozen 
in great masses of ice and earth, of several mammoth carcasses 
in the flesh! To dogs and unimaginative men of the hardy 
north Siberia variety, some of this flesh was edible; and some 
of those specimens yielded excellent skeletons for the museums 
of Russia. 
The Imperial Mammoth, excepting for a long, wedge- 
shaped excursion reaching far down into Mexico, was strictly 
an animal of the western half of the United States. Its 
eastern boundary reached only to western Missouri and Ar- 
kansas. 
Tue CotumBiaAn Mammortu (Elephas columbi) was almost 
precisely of the same size as the largest living African ele- 
phants, 11 feet at the shoulders. A very fine mounted skele- 
