Apply 2,4-D at the rate of 1 to 1-1/2 quarts per acre of the 4-pounds-per-gallon formula- 

 tion in 20 or more gallons of water. Use the low-volatile ester form. Remember that 

 April treatments are much more effective than later treatments. Do not graze dairy cattle 

 for seven days after the 2,4-D treatment. 



For spot treatments, put 1 quart of the same 2,4-D mixture in 25 gallons of water and spray 

 until the plant is moist. Adding one cup of household detergent to the 25 gallons of watei 

 will increase the effectiveness. 



NEW NAMES FOR HERBICIDES 



This season has brought several name changes to herbicide users . To help limit some of 

 the confusion, here they are: 



1. "Swat" is the new name for the Sutan-atrazine combination. 



2. Geigy's new names for atrazine and simazine are "Aatrex" and "Princep." 



3. Alanap + CIPC has these new names: Whistle (Kaiser); Amoco Soybean Herbicide (Americar 

 Oil) ; and Alanap Plus (Uniroyal) . 



PLANT DISEASES 



Oat Seed Treatment 



Proper treatment with a mercury fungicide (such as Ceresan, Chipcote , Ortho LM, or Panogen 

 is cheap insurance for improving stands and grain quality, and also for getting higher 

 yields. Income from oats can be increased as much as $5 per acre with a seed treatment 

 that costs only a few pennies. Oat diseases controlled by mercury seed treatment include 

 loose and covered smuts, bacterial blights, Helminthosporium leaf blotch, scab, seed-borne 

 root rots, Fusarium blight, seed decay, and seedling blights. New races of the smut fungi 

 are causing more loose and covered smuts both in Illinois. 



■ 

 It is difficult for many farmers to get oat seed treated commercially. Two products are 

 now available for safe and effective hopper- or drill-box treatments. T hese are Ceresan 

 M-DB and Panogen PX. Follow the manufacturer's directions carefully. Warning: Treated 

 seed should not be used for feed or food. Even one kernel may cause an entire carload to 

 be condemned and destroyed . For more details, ask your Extension adviser for Report on 

 Plant Diseases, No. 1001 (Revised) . 



Pruning — Disease Control and Tool Disinfectants 



It's pruning time. Orchardists, nurserymen, arborists, and homeowners are pruning for at 

 least one of these reasons: to improve shape and form; to make spraying and dusting 

 easier; to increase fruit quality and yield; to eliminate rubbing, dead, weak, and over- 

 crowded branches ; or to control disease . 



When cankers, fire blight, wood decay, crown gall, or other infectious diseases are known 

 or suspected, pruning tools should be disinfected between cuts or between trees. Cheap 

 disinfectants you can use to dip or swab pruning tools include 70- or 95 -percent rubbing 

 alcohol and liquid household bleach (Clorox, Purex, Sunny Sol), diluted 1 to 5 with water 

 After using bleach, the tools should be thoroughly washed with water. 



