-4- 



malathion or 5 -percent carbaryl (Sevin) . Treatments should also be made once or 

 twice during the colder months (November to April) for added protection. 



Aphids . Many species are infesting trees and shrubs, such as apple and hawthorn 

 trees and rose bushes. Damage caused by an aphid called a greenbug has also been 

 found in bluegrass lawns in western Illinois. Greenbug damage appears as circular 

 brown patches in the lawn, usually under or near a tree. Examine the grass blades 

 on the outer edge of these patches for pale green plant lice or aphids. 



For control, apply a spray of either malathion or diazinon to the infested area. 

 If malathion is used, mix 2 teaspoons of 50- to 57-percent liquid concentrate per 

 gallon of water. For a diazinon spray, mix 2 teaspoons of the 25 -percent liquid 

 concentrate per gallon of spray. Be sure to treat the healthy grass around the 

 edge of the damaged area. 



Euonymous scales and pine needle scales . The hatch has begun, and these crawlers 

 are moving onto new leaves and stems. Another name for euonymous is wintercreeper. 

 Where these insects are a problem, apply malathion as a spray- -thoroughly cover- 

 ing the bark and leaves. Make two to three applications on the infested shrubs. 

 Space the applications about 10 days apart. The first application should be in 

 mid-May in the southern part of the state, during the latter part of May in the 

 central section, and in early June in the northern area. 



WEEDS 

 WEED CONTROL IN SPRING OATS 



Weeds that germinate early, such as mustard, ragweed, smartweed, and lambsquarters , 

 often cause problems in spring oats. These broadleaf weeds are easily controlled 

 with 2,4-D or MCPA. MCPA is probably safer for use on legume underseedings, but 

 it costs considerably more than 2,4-D. 



Use 2,4-D -amine where oats are undersown with a legume. Never use 2,4-D ester on 

 a legume seeding. Apply 1/2 pint per acre of the 4-pounds-per-gallon form of 

 2,4-D amine when the oats are 8 to 14 inches tall. 



The amine or ester forms of 2,4-DB (Butoxone or Butyrac) could also be used, but 

 are more expensive than 2,4-D or MCPA. The rate is 1 to 2 quarts of 2,4-DB amine, 

 or 5/4 to 1-1/2 quarts per acre of 2,4-DB ester- -applied when the small grain is 

 4 to 8 inches tall. 



Where the small grain is not undersown with a legume, you can use higher rates of 

 2,4-D amine or the 2,4-D ester. Use 1 pint per acre of 2,4-D amine or 2/5 pint 

 per acre of 2,4-D ester (4 pounds per gallon). The application should be made 

 when the oats are 4 to 12 inches tall. 



Banvel can also be used. It is particularly effective on smartweed and wild buck- 

 wheat, but provides only weak control on mustards. Do not use Banvel when you 

 have a legume underseeding. Apply 1/4 pint per acre of Banvel when the oats are 

 in the two- to five- leaf stage. 



Some farmers seem to believe that 2,4-DB is the higher volatile butyl ester of 

 2,4-D. This is not true. One farmer who bought 2,4-D ester and used it on al- 

 falfa found out that there is quite a difference. 2,4-DB is the butyric acid form 



