METHODS OP CASTRATION 27 



the subject, and while they have been necessary in 

 some sections for local reasons, to the scientific and 

 humane mind they should he termed obsolete and un- 

 worthy of consideration. 



Castration operations may be regarded under two 

 general headings with certain modifications, and are 



Fig. 7— THE "COVERED OPERATION," SHOWING EMASCULA- 

 TION OF THE TESTICLE AND ITS INTACT VAGINAL 

 COVERINGS 



to be classed as the iDicovcrcd operation and the covrred 

 operation. 



The uncovered operation is the one usually em- 

 ployed and is the more practical in the various animals 

 when the subjects are in a normal condition. This 

 operation consists in the exposure of the testicle proper 

 by means of an incision through the scrotum, such 



