SCHIZOPODA. 5 



The synonymy given here, whereby five supposed distinct species of Eupliausia 

 are merged into E. superha, Dana, is the result of a careful examination of the 

 abundant and valuable 'Discovery' material, aided by a comparison with the 

 'Challenger' and 'Southern Cross' types (for which I am greatly indebted to 

 Mr. E. W. L. Holt), and the small collection from the zoological museum of University 

 College, Dundee. 



Eeasons for these views were briefly stated in the preliminary notice of this 

 collection, and the opinions as to the synonymy of this species, as far as they concern 

 Euphausia antarctica and E. murrayi, have recently been confirmed and adopted by 

 Coutiere (1906) as a result of his examination of the collection of the French 

 Antarctic Expedition. A fuller justification for these opinions is given below, together 

 with some notes on the growth changes, and sexual differences. 



Female. — This sex has been very well described under the names E. murrayi by 

 G. 0. Sars (1885), and E. australis by Hodgson (1902). 



The ' Discovery ' specimens present some slight differences from Sars' description, 

 but the examination of his type specimens proves them to be due to errors on Sars' 

 part. They may be noted under their separate heads as follows : — 



(1) Preanal spine. — Sars states that this spine is wanting in E. murrayi, but the 

 type specimen shows it to be distinct, well-developed and simple, but not visible from 

 the side from which Sars took his drawing. All the ' Discovery ' specimens show a 

 well-developed simple preanal spine. 



(2) Small hlunt spine on the outer distal corner of the first joint of the antennular 

 peduncle. — This spine is not shown in Sars' figures nor mentioned in his description. 

 It is, however, clearly visible in the type in lateral view, but in dorsal view is quite 

 obscured by the numerous setae arming the basal joint of the peduncle, which are well 

 preserved and very opaque. The ' Discovery ' material conforms to the type in 

 possessing this spine well -developed. 



(3) Terminal spine on the outer margin of the antennal scale. — Sars mentions this 

 spine in his description as very small, but does not figure it. It is, in fact, not visible 

 in his type from the dorsal aspect, owing to its being slightly ventrally deflexed, and 

 the specimen is so well preserved and rigid, that the pressure necessary to place it 

 dorsal surface uppermost for drawing is not suflicient to straighten out the spine and 

 render it visible in dorsal view. 



(4) Shape of the epimeral plate of the penultimate segment of the pleon. — Sars both 

 describes and figures the penultimate epimeral plate as acute and triangular, but in the 

 type and the ' Discovery ' material, whereas these plates have substantially the same 

 shape as depicted by Sars, the apex in all is bluntly rounded instead of acutely pointed. 



(5) Spinules on the dorsal surface of the ielson. Sars figures and describes three 

 pairs in E. murrayi, but, as a matter of fact, the number is subject to variation, an 

 additional pair anterior to the three shown by Sar^ being frequently noticed. In all 



