236 PHrLOSOPHT OF BoTANT. 



or scientific journals. Botanical gardens, arboreta, and green- 

 houses are annexed to several, to serve the purposes of the 

 demonstrator or investigator. . 



St. Louis may be justly proud of its magnificent " Shaw 

 Botanical Institute, which, under the direction of a distin- 

 guished botanist, is destined to be a model school for scientific 

 botanists, agriculturists, and horticulturists. 



In our own State the Agricultural Experiment Station has^ 

 since several years, done excellent work, and issued valuable 

 instructive publications for the farmers of the State. This in- 

 stitute ought to be enlarged so that it could also embrace for- 

 estry, and should have two auxiliary experimental stations, 

 one in Middle Tennessee and one in West Tennessee, added 

 to the field of its activity. ~ 



Bacteriology, formerly a branch of botany, but- now enrolled 

 with biology on account of its far-reaching efficiency, has 

 lately found a representative in connection with the Vander- 

 bilt Medical College, and through the munificence of Mr. 

 George Vanderbilt, and under the care of an eminent bac- 

 teriologist, who for several years had attended the bacteriolog- 

 ical laboratories of France and Germany. It offers ample op- 

 portunities to the Student who enjoys the use of an equipment 

 which is provided with all modern appliances. 



" I anj confident that the time is not far off when we will have 

 institutions endowed with the fullest outfits in libraries, in- 

 struments, greenhouses, and botanical • gardens, for original 

 work conducted by the heads of the departments, or by stu- 

 dents under their direction. The newly acquired colonies 

 offer the most inviting locations in the tropics for biological 

 stations. 



I undertook the wearisome and painful task to delineate in 

 outlines the period from the downfall of the Alexandrian 

 school to the revival of letters in Italy; to remind the read- 

 er to what fearful depravity mankind will sink when, for sake 

 of hegemony in religion or politics, for hierarchy or imperial- 

 ism, the light of reason is put out and intellectual darkness is 

 spread over the land to shield the despoilers from responsi- 

 bility; no longer by fire and sword, yet by supple and con- 



