118 THE COW 



ters to be determined not only by the eye but quite 

 as much by the touch, which are the usual (but 

 by no means invariable) indications of dairy tem- 

 perament and capacity. 



Every breed association has adopted its own 

 official score-card or scale of points. These will 

 vary one from the other in minor questions of 

 coloration, shape of horns, quality of coat and 

 other non-essentials, but in fundamentals they are 

 very much alike, showing that the scoring of cattle 

 is more than a mere empirical art. The score-card 

 is very useful to the student or judge because it 

 brings the various qualities of the animal to his 

 attention in an orderly and systematic sequence. 

 The reader will find it very interesting to study 

 the official scale of points of any of the dairy cattle 

 registry associations or the card prepared for the 

 use of students by our animal husbandry teachers 

 in the agricultural colleges, but these occupy too 

 much space to be reproduced here. It will be 

 noted that there has grown up a fairly large half- 

 technical half-slangy vocabulary of the judging 

 ring. 



In judging dairy cattle, one point universally 

 emphasized is that the cow (and to a less extent 

 the bull or calf) should show the wedge shape or, 

 as it is sometimes put, the "double wedge form." 

 This means that the hind quarters, or more strictly 

 the pelvic arch, should be relatively broader and 

 more massive than the chest. This conception may 



