OTHER METHODS OF OBTAINING FOOD 205 
developed in rows at the points of contact. Haustoria 
spring from these suckers and penetrate the host, extending 
inwards till they reach the wood (fig. 102). The part below 
the attachment dies shortly after this relationship has been 
established, and the parasite is left attached to the host. 
In its further growth it continues to twine around the latter, 
putting out numerous branches, which algo form similar 
coils, so that the host is completely immeshed in the 
twining stems of the parasite. The latter bears no leaves 
and possesses no chlorophyll in any part, so that it derives 
all its food in fully elaborated form from the tissues of the 
host. Cuscuta produces numbers of flowers on its branches, 
and from them are developed fruits and seeds. The para- 
sitism is complete, and the relation frequently leads to the 
death of the host which has been 
attacked. 
Parasitic plants are very fre- 
quently met with among the fungi 
and the Bacteria. The former pene- 
trate the living cells of the plant they 
infest, or in a few cases ramify 
between them, sending haustoria into 
the interior of the cells between which 
the mycelium grows (fig. 103). They 
make use of the contents of the cells, 
destroying and absorbing the living 
Fic. 103.—CELLs or Potato 
substance as well as any- formed ~ praxr inpestep wire 
materials which may be present. In _ P/ytophthora. 
b, hypha running between 
many cases also they destroy the ’ the cells and sending 
cell-walls, and utilise the carbo- — bausteris (a) into their 
hydrate materials of which the latter 
consist. Their ravages only cease with the death of the 
organism. 
The power of living plants to assimilate the food 
manufactured by others is taken advantage of in the 
processes of grafting and budding. In these operations a 
slip of a particular plant is inserted into a wound made 
