26 BACTERIAL POISONS. 



importance is folly ai^preciated, and the distinguished inves- 

 tigator lived to receive the credit and honor due him. 



Weber, in 1864, and Hemmer and Schwenninger 

 in 1866, confirmed the results obtained by Panum; and 

 Schwenninger announced that in the various stages of 

 jratrefaction diiferent products are formed, and that these 

 vary in their effects upon animals. In 1866, Bence 

 Jones and Duprb obtained from the liver a substance 

 which in solutions of dilute sulphuric acid gives the blue 

 fluorescence observed in similar solutions of quinine. To 

 this substance they gave the name "animal chinoidine." 

 Subsequently, the same investigators found this substance 

 in all organs and tissues of the body, but most abundantly 

 in the nerves. Its feebly acid solutions give precipitates 

 with iodine, potassio-mercuric iodide, phospho-molybdic 

 acid, gold chloride, and platinum chloride. • From three 

 pounds of sheep's liver, they obtained three grammes of a 

 solution in which, after slight acidulation with sulphuric 

 acid, the intensity of the fluorescence was about the same 

 as that of a similarly acidulated solution of quinine sulphate 

 which contained 0.2 gramme of quinine per litre. Still 

 later, this base was obtained by Marino-Zuco. 



In 1868, Bergmann and Schmibdeberg se2)arated, 

 first from putrid yeast, and subsequently from decomposed 

 blood, in the form of a sulphate, a poisonous substance 

 which they named sepsine. The sulphate of sepsine forms 

 in needle-shaped crystals. Small doses (0.01 gramme) of 

 this substance were dissolved in water and injected into the 

 veins of two dogs. In a short time it produced vomiting, 

 and later diarrhoea, which, in one of the animals, after a 

 time, became bloody. Post>-mortem examination showed, 

 in the stomach and intestines, bloody ecchymoses. It was 

 now believed that the "putrid poison" of Panum had been 

 isolated, and that it was identical with sepsine, but further 

 investigations showed that this was not true. There are 

 marked differences in their effects upon animals, and sepsine 

 has not been found to be generall)- present in putrid ma- 

 terial. It is only rarely found in blood, and the closest 

 search has failed to show its presence in pus. Bergmann 



