TYPHOID FEVER. 139 



Baginsky and Stadthagen have obtained from cul- 

 tures of the " white liquefying bacterium" of the former a 

 poisonous proteid which produces in mice, after about five 

 hours, slight dyspnoea. The coat becomes rough, the ani- 

 mal sits with drooping head, and when forced to move does 

 so sluggishly, but without any evidence of paralysis. The 

 marked apathy increases, and death results after two or 

 three days. Section shows an infiltration about the place 

 of injection, congestion of the spleen, liver, and peritoneum. 

 The intestine is hypersemic throughout its entire length, 

 and its upper portion contains a reddish-brown fluid. 



From cultures of the same bacterium Baginsky and 

 Stadthagen have also obtained a poisonous ptomaine, 

 which is probably identical with one found by Beieger 

 in putrid horseflesh, and which has the formula CjHijNOj. 



That tyrotoxicon is one of the causes of the violent 

 choleraic diarrhoea of children there can scarcely be a 

 doubt. The symptoms induced by the poison cannot be 

 distinguished from those of the disease. The post-mortem 

 appearances are very much alike, if not identical, and the 

 poison has been found in a sample of milk a part of which 

 had been given to a child not more than two hours before 

 the first symptoms of a violent attack of the disease made 

 themselves manifest. 



Typhoid Fever. — In 1880. EBERf h discovered a 

 bacillus which he believed to be the cause of typhoid fever, 

 and this belief has been quite generally accepted. In the 

 first edition of this work it was stated that the fever and 

 the characteristic lesions of the disease had been produced 

 in animals by inoculation with this germ. This is now 

 known to be erroneous. As has been stated (page 93), the 

 essential lesions of typhoid fever may be produced in ani- 

 mals with a number of microorganisms, among which, 

 however, the Eberth bacillus is not included. The results 

 obtained by Frankel and Simmonds, and Seitz have been 

 shown by Beumer and Pbipbr to be fallacious, and the 

 germ with which the experiments were made by Yaughan 

 and NoVY, and mentioned in the first edition, is known 



