TYPHOID FEVER. 141 



perature accompauied by severe purging. The following 

 is the record of one experiment with this substance: 

 " An aqueous solution of the crystals was given to a dog 

 by the mouth at 3 P.M. The rectal temperature before the 

 administration was 101° F. At 3.15, retching and vomit- 

 ing set in and continued at intervals for more than two 

 hours. At 3.30, the temperature was 103° F. At 3.55, 

 the animal began to purge. The first discharges contained 

 much fecal matter, but subsequently they were watery 

 and contained mucus plainly stained with blood. At 4, 

 the temperature was 1U3.5° F. and remained the same at 

 4.30. The animal was not seen again until 10 A.M. the 

 next day, when its temperature was 100.5°, and recovery 

 seemed complete." 



This base was not obtained in quantity sufficient for an 

 ultimate analysis. The platino-chioride crystallizes in fine 

 rhombic prisms and the hydrochloride in long, delicate, 

 red needles. The red color seems to be inherent to the 

 substance and not due to impurities. The mercury and 

 platinum compounds are insoluble in alcohol, soluble in 

 water. The hydrochloride is soluble in both water and 

 alcohol. 



In 1890, Vaughan reported the isolation, from water 

 supposed to cause typhoid fever, of a number of toxi- 

 cogenic germs. The chemical products of two of these 

 have been studied. They belong to the proteids, and an 

 analysis of one of them by Freer shows it to belong to the 

 nucleins. The.se poisons are soluble in water, the opales- 

 cent solution showing a distinctly acid reaction. They are 

 not precipitated by heat or nitric acid singly or combined. 

 They dissolve in nitric acid, forming a colorless solution, 

 which becomes yellow on the addition of ammonia. They 

 dissolve in caustic alkalies and the solution becomes purple 

 on the addition of a dilute solution of copper sulphate. 



On white rats these poi.sons produce symptoms which are 

 identical with those which follow inoculations with the 

 living germs. The rat seems to shiver with cold and gives 

 evidence of abdominal pain. It lies with its limbs flexed 

 and head drawn down for a few seconds, then stretches out 



