PREFACE 



This book has been prepared in response to the earnest 

 solicitation of tliose schools in wliich there is not a suffi- 

 cient allotment of time to permit the deTelopment of plant 

 ecology and morphology, as outlined in Plant Relatiniiy and 

 Plant, t'-^f I'll r fur es : and yet which are desirous of imparting 

 instruction from both points of view. To meet this need — 

 a temporary one, it is to be hoped, for the study of botany 

 should not be limited to one half year — portions of the two 

 books referred to have been selected and combined, and 

 together with some new matter have been organized into 

 this book, under the title Phinf Sttnlies. 



The Ijook falls naturally into two divisions, the first 

 fourteen chapters being dominated by Ecology, and repre- 

 senting the view point of Plant Relations. The remaining 

 eleven chapters are dominated by Morphology, and present 

 in much simpler form, especially in the higher groups, the 

 ideas of Plant Strudures. AVhile the author believes that 

 these two regions of the book are put in proper sequence 

 for elementary instruction, he is very far from seeking to 

 impose such an opinion upon teachers, who must use a 

 sequence adapted to their own convictions and material. 

 Hence many may prefer to begin with Chapter XV, and re- 

 turn to the preceding chapters later ; or, what is perhaps 



