TILE HEAD. 31 



essentiallj', inflammation of the brain. It is distinguished from 

 madness by this half-consciousness, and also by liis being more 

 disposed to bite than he is ia pure phrenitis. 



The disease is usually fatal. It rarely lasts more than eight- 

 and-forty hours. 



The post-martem appearances are, great inflammation uf the 

 brain, with frequent effusions of blood. The sinuses are some- 

 times fiUed with coagulated blood. The brain seems to be 

 affected just in proportion to the violence which the animal has 

 exhibited. 



The treatment should consist of copious bleeding, application 

 of ice to the head, blistering the head, and physic. The trephine 

 is scarcely admissible, from the danger of producing greater 

 irritation. 



Sometimes the disease assumes a more chronic form. There 

 is ulceration of the membrane, but not cerebral affection. A pur- 

 ulent discharge then appears from the nose, evidently not of a 

 glanderous character, and none of the submaxillary glands are 

 enlarged. In both the acute and chronic form, it is usually con- 

 fined to one sinus. 



The inner plate of the frontal bone covers a considerable por- 

 tion of the anterior part of the brain, and it is studded with de- 

 pressions correspondmg with irregularities on the surface of the 

 brain. 



Immediately above the frontal, and extending from the frontal 

 to the poll, are ihs parietal bones. They are two, united together 

 by a suture when the animal is young, but that suture soon 

 becoming obliterated. They are of a closer and harder texture 

 than the frontals, because they are more exposed to injury, and 

 more concerned in defending the brain. 



A very small portion only of the parietals is naked, and that 

 is composed of bone even harder than the other part, and with 

 an additional layer of bone rising in the form of a crest or ridge 

 externally. Every other part of these bones is covered by a 

 thick mass of muscle, the tem/poral muscle, which is principally 

 concerned in chewing the food, but which, likewise, by its yield- 

 ing reastance, speedily and effectually breaks the force of the 

 most violent blow. 



On the side of the head, and under the parietals {d d, 

 Fig. 3), are the temporal bones, one on each side, ff. These 

 again are divided into two parts, or consist of two distinct bones ; 

 the petrous portion, so called from its great or stony hardness, 

 and containing the wonderiul mechanism of the ear, and the 

 squarrvous portion, from the appearance of its union with the 

 parietal, overlapping it like a great scale. 



From, the latter there projects a portion of bone, e which 



