108 GLANDERS. 



Cut the surrounding enlargement soon goes off, and one or two 

 small distinct glands remain ; and they are not in the centris oi 

 the channel, but adhere closely to the jaw on the affected side. 



The membrane of the nose should now be examined, and will 

 materially guide our opinion. It will either be of a dark purplish 

 hue, or almost of a leaden colour, or of any shade between the 

 wo ; or if there is some of the redness of inflammation, it will 

 have a purple tinge : but there will never be the faint pink blush 

 of health, or the intense and vivid red of usual inflammation. 

 Spots of ulceration will probably appear on the membrane cover- 

 ing the cartilage of the nose — ^not mere sore places, or streaks of 

 abrasion, and quite superficial, but small ulcers, unusually ap- 

 proaching to a circular form, deep, and with the edges abrupt 

 and prominent. When these appearances are observed, there 

 can be no doubt about the matter. Care should be taken, how- 

 ever, to ascertain that these ulcers do actually exist, for spots of 

 mucus adhering to the membrane have been more than once 

 taken for them The finger should, if possible, be passed over 

 the supposed ulcer, in order to determine whether it can be wiped 

 away ; and it should be recollected, as Was hinted when describ- 

 ing the duct that conveys the tears to the nose, that the orifice of 

 that duct, just within the nostril, and on the inner side of it, has 

 been mistaken for a chancrous ulcer. This orifice is on the con- 

 tinuation of the common skin of the muzzle which runs a little 

 way up the nostril, while the ulcer of glanders is on the proper 

 membrane of the nose above. The line of separation between 

 the two is evident on the slightest inspection. 



When ulcers begin to appear on the membrane of the nose, the 

 constitution of the horse is soon evidently affected. The patient 

 loses flesh — ^his belly is tucked up — ^his coat unthrifty^,and readily 

 coming off — ^the appetite is impaired — the strength fails — cough, 

 more or less urgent, may be heard — ^thp discharge from the nose 

 will increase in quantity ; it vidll be discoloured, bloody, offensive 

 to the smell — ^the ulcers in the nose will become larger and more 

 numerous, and the air-passages being obstructed, a grating, chok- 

 ing noise will be heard at every act of breathing. There is now 

 a peculiar tenderness about the forehead. The membrane lining 

 the frontal sinuses is inflamed and ulcerated, and the integument 

 of the forehead becomes thickened and somewhat swelled. Farcy 

 is now superadded to glanders, or glanders has degenerated into 

 farcy, and more of the absorbents are involved. 



At or before this time little tumours appear about the muscles, 

 and face, and neck, following the course of the veins and the ab- 

 sorbents, for they run side by side ; and these the tumours soon 

 ulcerate. Tumours or buds, still pursuing the path of the ab- 

 sorbents, soon appear on the inside of the thighs. They are con- 



