GLANDERS. Ill 



traced, and the tdcers foUow one line — ^that of the alsorhents, 

 In aggravated cases, this can generally be traced on to the lungs. 

 It produces inflammation in these organs, characterised in some 

 cases by congestion ; but in other cases, the congestion having 

 gone on to hepatisation, in which the cellular texture of the lungs 

 is obliterated. Most frequently, when the lungs are affected at 

 all, tubercles are found — miliary tubercles — ^minute granulated 

 spots on the surface, or in the substance of the lungs, and not 

 accompanied by much inflammation. In a few cases there are 

 larger tubercles, which soften and burst, and terminate in cavities 

 of varying size. 



In some cases, and showing that glanders is not essentially oi 

 necessarily a disease of the lungs, there is no morbid affection 

 whatever in those organs. 



The history thus given of the symptoms of glanders wUl clearly 

 point out its nature. 



It is inflammation, whether specific or common, of the lining 

 membrane of the nose — ^possibly for months, and even for years, 

 confined to that membrane, and even to a portion of it — ^the 

 health and the usefulness of the animal not being in the slightest 

 degree impaired. Then, from some unknown cause, not a new 

 but an itttenser action is set up, the inflammation more speedily 

 runs its course, and the membrane becomes ulcerated. The in- 

 flammation spreads on either side down the septum, and the ul- 

 ceration at length assumes that pecuhar chancrous form which 

 characterises inflammation of the absorbents. Even then, when 

 the discharge becomes gluey, and sometimes after chancres have 

 appeared, the horse is apparently well. There are hundreds of 

 glandered horses about the country vnth not a sick one among 

 thnm. For months or years this disease may do no injury to the 

 general health. The inflammation is purely local, and is only 

 recognised by the invariable accompaniment of inflammation and 

 increased secretion. Its neighbors fall around, but the disease 

 afiects not the animal vsrhence it came. At length a constitu- 

 tional inflammation appears ; farcy is established in its most hor- 

 rible form, and death speedily closes the scene. 



Glanders may be either bred in the horse, or communicated by 

 contagion. What we have farther to remark on this nialady 

 will be arranged under these two heads. 



Improper stable management we beheve to be a far more fi.-e- 

 quent cause of glanders than contagion. The air which i? 

 necessary to respiration is changed and empoisoned in its passage 

 through the lungs, and a fresh supply is necessary for the support 

 of life. That supply may be sufficient barely to support life, but 

 not to prevent the vitiated air from again and again passing to 

 the lungs, and producing irritation and disease. The membrane 



