ii26 CALCULI INTROSUSCEPTION ENTANGLEMENT OF BOWELS. 



CALCULI, OR STONES, IN THE INTESTINES. 



These are a cause of inflammatioa in the bowels of the horse 

 and more frequently of colic. They are generally found in the 

 caecum or colon, varying considerably in shape, and varying in 

 weight from a few grains to several pounds. From the horizontal 

 position of the horse's body, the stone does not tend downward as 

 in the human being, and continues increasing until it becomes the 

 source of fatal irritation. It is a fruitful cause of colic. Little 

 advance has been made or can be made to procure their expulsion, 

 or even to determine their existence.* 



INTROSUSCEPTiON OF THE INTESTINES. 



A portion of an intestine is sometimes slid into the contiguoui 

 portion, producing a fold or doubling. The irritation produced 

 by it soon forms an obstniction which no power can overcome. 

 There are no symptoms to indicate the presence of this, except 

 continued and increasing pain ; or, if there were, all our means 

 of relief would here fail. 



ENTANGLEMENT OF THE BOWELS. 



This is produced by colic, by the abominable and poisonous 

 drinks of the farrier, and by other causes. 



When the animal rolls and throws himself about, portions of 

 the intestine become so entangled as to be twisted into nooses and 

 knots, drawn together with a degree of tightness scarcely credible, 

 p. gt Nothing but the extreme and continued tor- 



ture of the animal can lead us to suspect that 

 this has taken place, and, could we ascer- 

 tain its existence, there would be no cure. 



The following cut shows an entanglement 

 of the bowels of a horse that died from the 

 effects of it. The parts are a little loosened 

 in order better to show the entanglement of 

 the intestines, but in the animal they were 

 drawn into a tight knot, and completely in- 

 tercepted all passage. 



* Note by Mr. Spooner. — When colic arises from stones or concretions in 

 the intestines, the pain is usually very severe, until, by rolling about, the 

 stone is dislodged from the position in which it was fixed, and then, becoming 

 free, the pain ceases. We may presume such to be the nature of the case 

 if the horse lies much on his back, and rolls over from side to side, with an 

 evident desire to relieve himself from some painful pressure. After repeated 

 attacks of this kind the case at length becomes fatal, the calculus accumu- 

 lates, becomes firmly fixed, obstructing all passage, inflammation supervenes, 

 and the animal dies. 



