162 THE ASIATIC FUK-SEAL ISLANDS. 



On the detached north end of Palata 42 dead starved pups were noticed, with 24 

 other dead ones mostly showing emaciation, but more than a week old, so that they 

 can not be investigated. This rookery, like the others, is one on which very few pups 

 would be trampled. 



One fresh pup, not emaciated, at the edge of the sea, has apparently drowned. 

 This is the only pup seen in condition to be examined in which the death was obviously 

 not due to starving. 



Autopsies. 



1. Zapadni.— Young male pup cast up by waves. Perfectly fresh; no trace of 

 subcutaneous fat; lungs greatly congested, crepitate; no trace of water in them; 

 heart normal, with soine unclotted blood; liver very dark red; spleen purplish; 

 stomach and intestines empty, except the lower part, which contains the dark-green 

 tarry matter ; gall bladder nearly empty ; kidneys deeply congested, the left most so. 

 Evidently starved, not drowned. 



2. Zapadni. — Female; wholly devoid of subcutaneous fat; vent foul with black 

 tarry matter; lungs deeply congested, not crepitating; intestines pale, empty, except 

 for fluid brown bile; stomach empty, with mucus and bile; kidneys slightly congested, 

 the left most. 



3. Sahatoha Dira. — Male; no subcutaneous fat; lungs excessively congested, almost 

 black, not crepitating at all; beart normal, with some blood; liver very black; left 

 kidney much congested, the right a little; intestines with tarry bile and slime"in 

 lower part only. 



4. Sabatoha JDira. — Male; lungs greatly congested, crepitate; no fat; liver dark; 

 black matter in lower intestines as usual, the alimentary canal otherwise empty; 

 kidneys congested, the right most so; heart normal, with some blood. 



Deivbways. 



Zapadni driveway : The drive from Zapadni goes up from the stony beach between 

 two towers of rocks, climbiug the gorge of a little brook which cuts into the bowlders 

 and clay of the hillside, an excessively hard, rough little gully, very difflcult for a 

 man to climb, there being small cascades and wet clay in its course. The way is 

 marked by road skeletons (pi. 13). 



After an ascent over ground of this sort for 300 or 400 feet, more or less, the drive 

 goes up through steep grassy slopes, some of them of soft clay, somewhat cut into 

 rough steps by men's boots. The general character of the ground is unrelieved, 

 although more or less broken by cross gullies and ridges. The final ridge is 760 feet 

 above the sea. 



On the Glinka side is a long slope, at first quite steep, everywhere grassy and 

 rather easy, but marked with road skeletons, as it is very long. The rye grass grows 

 longer below, and a little stream has deep depressions, which serve as death traps, as 

 the skeletons show when the seals fall in piles over one another. Above Glinka is a 

 steep slide of yellow clay, from which the village is said to have received its name. 

 This slide must be a hard place for the seals. The seals (few in number) that are 

 released because too young or too old are allowed to go down to the sea, whence they 

 go back to the west side again. 



