SHELTER FOR SHEEP SUMMER AND WINTER 339 



the number of the divisions in the pens, each pen having 

 its own corresponding yard. 



The number of the paddocks and their location will, 

 of course, be determined in a great measure by such con- 

 ditions as the size of the flock and the gradations of the 

 same, and by the object for which it is being kept. The 

 size of the paddocks should ordinarily bear some propor- 

 tion to the size of the flock and to the divisions in the 

 same. The more the gradations in flock, the more is the 

 number of the paddocks that are called for; but it does 

 not follow that as many paddocks are called as there are 

 divisions in the flock, as it is seldom necessary to have all 

 the gradations in the paddocks at the same time ; hence 

 the same paddock may be used by more than one division 

 of the sheep. In some instances they may be reached 

 from the yards directly, but more commonly they are 

 ranged on both sides of a lane leading out from the yards. 

 In this way they may be increased in number to the ex- 

 tent of the needs, and they may also be of such size as 

 may be deemed proper. They are thus rendered easily 

 accessible. 



Ventilation without drafts — Ventilation is necessary 

 and greatly important under all conditions, but artificial 

 ventilation is not always a necessity. Sheep cannot be 

 given too much fresh air, providing it comes to them in 

 the absence of drafts, but they may very easily be given 

 too little. No class of live stock will suffer more in the 

 absence of adequate ventilation. 



It is always necessary to provide artificial ventilation 

 when sheep are housed in a shed the doors of which are 

 closed for even a period of short duration, when it is 

 occupied by sheep. In but few ways can- disaster be more 

 quickly brought to a flock than by housing them in close 

 quarters in the absence of sufficient ventilation. They 

 are harmed, first, by a lack of a sufficiency of pure air; 

 second, by the excessive warmth that is usually gener- 

 ated under such conditions, and which is especially harm- 



