398 MANAGEMENT AND FEEDING OF SHEEP 



drams of powdered areca nut and one dram of male fern 

 given in four ounces of syrup. The above is the dose 

 for a large lamb and a shearling. For sheep the dose 

 should be increased from 50 to 100 per cent. It is given 

 in the morning after an all-night fast. Large lambs and 

 yearlings must be treated before weakness is marked. 



The fringed tapeworm (Taenia fimbriata) is very con- 

 siderably harmful to sheep south of the parallel 45 degrees 

 north and in much of the area west of the Mississippi River. 

 The parasites are found in the duodenum and the gall 

 -ducts. They are frequently very numerously present and 

 are of various sizes, thus indicating continued invasion. 

 They develop very slowly. The life history is not fully 

 known, hence the most effective methods of dealing with 

 the evil are not known. Preventive measures such as are 

 used in the case of stomach worms will be helpful (see 

 page 393)- 



Lung worms in sheep are of two kinds. These are 

 known respectively as the hair lung worm and the thread 

 lung worm. The former of these is probably the more 

 widely diffused, but the latter is more epizootic in flocks 

 than the former. The hair lung worm penetrates the air 

 passages of the lungs to their termination. The thread 

 lung worm penetrates the bronchial tubes. The symp- 

 toms of these ailments and also the life history of the 

 worms is not greatly different. 



The hair lung worm (Strongylus ovis pulmonis) is 

 considered the smaller of the two. Until the disease is 

 well advanced its presence may not be detected except by 

 post mortem. When present, little tubercles may be 

 found in the lungs. When these are cut open, there is 

 a worm inside. The mating takes place in the bronchi 

 and soon the worms are produced to further aggravate 

 the trouble. The hair lung worm (Strongylus filaria) 

 when present may be found by slitting open the bronchial 

 tubes. 



