420 MANAGEMENT AND FEEDING OF SHEEP 



ence is indicated by blood in the feces and also by disin- 

 clination to move the hind legs. Laxative diets are con- 

 sidered helpful. When they occur on the neck they 

 should be lanced when ripe and washed out with a solu- 

 tion of carbolic acid. Animals thus affected should sel- 

 dom be retained. 



Urinary troubles are various and may affect both 

 males and females in certain instances. One of the most 

 common forms, however, affects males only, as when 

 mangels are freely fed to them. The immediate cause is 

 the forming of crystals at the mouth of the bladder. The 

 indications of the trouble are retarded or accelerated 

 breathing, swollen sheath, loss of appetite, retention of 

 urine, and the evidence of much pain. Treatment in such 

 instances is of but httle avail, but prevention is easy; that 

 is, by not feeding mangels. 



Garget or mammitis is quite common in flocks that are 

 not carefully watched and cared for at the lambing sea- 

 son, and also at the time of weaning. It is sometimes 

 called caked udder, since the inflammation present results 

 in a hardening of the parts affected. It may result from 

 various causes, including: (i) Inattention at time of 

 weaning, or when one twin lamb has been removed dur- 

 ing the nursing period; (2) exposure to wet and cold, 

 as when the sheep are left in the pastures ; (3) lying on 

 moist filth in the sleeping places ; (4) bruises from the 

 lambs sucking; and (5) through germ infection. 



From what has been said about the causes that lead 

 to this trouble, the preventive measures will be apparent. 

 The treatment should begin with bathing the udder with 

 warm water. This may be followed by applying an un- 

 guent after the inflamed part has been rubbed dry. The 

 unguent may be composed of turpentine and lard, about 

 the consistency of cream. It may be employed with ad- 

 vantage as frequently as three times daily. Ewes that 

 have been troubled thus should not be retained for breed- 

 ing. 



