510 PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL NUTRITION. 
at a speed of 195 meters per minute. The fact of such an increased 
expenditure of energy in trotting as compared with walking has 
also been confirmed by the results of Grandeau, which will be con- 
sidered in another connection. It was also found that in trotting, 
unlike walking, the work of locomotion was independent of the 
speed within the limits experimented upon (up to a speed of 206 
meters per minute, or about 74 miles per hour). Aload of 127.2kgs. 
increased the work of locomotion per kg. of mass by about 10 per 
cent. as compared with the increase of 8 per cent. at a walk. One 
experiment on work of ascent and one on horizontal draft, both 
without load, showed a utilization of, respectively, 31.96 per cent. 
and 31.70 per cent., but two other experiments on horizontal draft, 
in which the work was thought to have been excessive, gave an 
average of only 23.35 per cent. 
Summary.—The final results of the experiments upon the horse 
may be summarized as follows: 
Work at a Walk. Work at a Slow Trot. 
Available Ener, 
Expended. si a sip sees ta alee 
Per : Per 
Cent Cent. 
cals. Kgm. cals. Kgm 
For 1 kgm. work of ascent, 
without toad : 
10.7% grade............. 6.8508'2.9116/34.3 | 7.3647*/3.1300*/31 .96* 
18.1% grade............. 6.9787|2 .9660/33 .7 
For 1 kgm. work of ascent, 
with load : 
15.8% grade............. 6.502 |2.7634/36.2 
For 1 kgm. work of draft. 
0.5% grade...... 20.000. 7.5190/3,1960/31.3 | ee hee ae 
8.5% grade............. 10 .3360|4 .3930|22.7 
Locomotion per kg mass per 
meter without load : 
Speed of 78.00 M. per min.| 0.3256 ) 
«90.16 “ © | 0.3666) b....J...... 0.5478t 
“ # O8JTe “ « 0.3929 \ 
The same with load : 
Speed of 90.18 M per min. 0.3914]....../...... 0.6007t 
* Single experiment. 
{ Two experiments. Work probably excessive. 
} Independent of speed. ~ 
