FAGACE^ 



31 



3. B. glanduldsa, Michx. Dwakf Birch. 



Branohlets brown, rough, glandular, 

 not pubescent, erect; leaves obovate 

 or orbicular, coarsely crenate dentate, 

 glabrous on both sides and glandular 

 beneath; fruiting catkin erect, J to 1 

 in. long. A shrub 2-4 ft. high. Hud- 

 son Bay to Rocky Mts. and southward 

 in the mountains and foothills. When 

 alpine often procumbent. 



Fio. 26. — Betula 

 pumila. 



Fig. 27. — Be- 

 tula glandu- 

 losa. 



Fig. 28. — Alnus incana. 



4. ALNUS. Alder. 



Sterile flowers with 4 or 5 braotlets and usually 3 flowers to each 

 scale of the catkin, each flower with a 3-5-parted calyx and the same 

 number of stamens ; fertile catkins oyhndrical or ovoid, made up of 

 fleshy scales, with 2 or 3 flowers in the axil of each; calyx of 

 4 bracts. Small trees or shrubs usually growing in clumps. 



1. A. incSna, (L.) Moench. Tag Alder. 



Flowers developed before the leaves; catkins clustered; fruit wingless; 

 leaves broadly ovate, serrate, or doubly serrate, downy beneath. Borders 

 of streams or wet places, Man.-Alta. 



XX. FAGACE^ffi (Beech Family). 



Monoecious trees or shrubs with alternate pinnately-veined 

 leaves and deciduous stipules; sterile flowers in catkins or clusters; 

 fertile flowers solitary or in small clusters; ovary 3-7-celled; ovules 

 1 or 2 in each cell, but only one ripening; styles 3; the 1-seeded 

 nut at least partly enclosed in a hard covering composed of more or 

 less united bracts. 



